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Taj Mahal Palace Hotel

Coordinates: 18°55′19″N 72°50′00″E / 18.9220°N 72.8333°E / 18.9220; 72.8333
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The Taj Mahal Palace
The Taj Mahal Palace Hotel
Taj Mahal Palace Hotel is located in Mumbai
Taj Mahal Palace Hotel
Location within Mumbai
General information
LocationMumbai, Maharashtra, India
Coordinates18°55′19″N 72°50′00″E / 18.9220°N 72.8333°E / 18.9220; 72.8333
Opening16 December 1903
OwnerTaj Hotels
Technical details
Floor count6 floors in The Taj Mahal Palace, 20 floors in the Taj Mahal Tower
Design and construction
Architect(s)Sitaram Khanderao Vaidya, D.N. Mirza
Main contractorShapoorji Pallonji Group
Other information
Number of rooms600
Number of suites44
Number of restaurants9
Website
Official website

The Taj Mahal Palace is a heritage, five-star, luxury hotel in the Colaba area of Mumbai, Maharashtra, India, situated next to the Gateway of India. Built in the Indo-Saracenic style, it opened in 1903 as the Taj Mahal Hotel and has historically often been known simply as "The Taj". The hotel is named after the Taj Mahal, which is located in the city of Agra approximately 1,050 kilometres (650 mi) from Mumbai. It has been considered one of the finest hotels in the East since the time of the British Raj. The hotel was one of the main targets in the 2008 Mumbai attacks.

Part of the Taj Hotels Resorts and Palaces, the hotel has 560 or 600 rooms and 44 suites and is considered the flagship property of the group; it employs 1,600 staff. The hotel is made up of two different structures: the Taj Mahal Palace and the Tower, which are historically and architecturally distinct from each other (the Taj Mahal Palace was built in 1903; the Tower was opened in 1972).

The hotel has received many notable guests, from presidents to captains of industry and movie stars.[1][2] Rattanbai Petit, wife of Muhammad Ali Jinnah, spent the last days of her life in one of the suites of the hotel, and eventually died there in 1929, at the age of 29.[3]

History

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Early years

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The Taj Mahal Hotel, c. 1935
The original entrance on the west side; now the site of the hotel pool

Pre Independence

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The Taj Mahal Hotel was commissioned by Jamsetji Tata and opened its doors to guests on 16 December 1903.

An oft-repeated story concerning the reasoning behind the construction of the hotel was Tata being refused admission into Watson's Hotel, as it was reserved for Europeans. The validity of this has been challenged by writer Charles Allen, who wrote that Tata was unlikely to care about such a slight to the extent that he would construct a new hotel. Instead, Allen writes, the Taj was built at the urging of editor of The Times of India who felt a hotel "worthy of Bombay" was needed and as a "gift to the city he loved" by Tata.[4]

The original Indian architects were Sitaram Khanderao Vaidya and D. N. Mirza, and the project was completed by an English engineer, W. A. Chambers. The builder was Khansaheb Sorabji Ruttonji Contractor, who also designed and built its famous central floating staircase. The cost of construction was £250,000 (£127 million in 2008 prices).[5]

Originally, the main entrance was on the land-facing side, where the pool now sits.[6]

The original clientele were mainly the Europeans, the Maharajas and the social elites. Many world-renowned personalities from all fields have since stayed there, from Somerset Maugham and Duke Ellington to Lord Mountbatten and Bill Clinton.

When it opened in 1903, the Taj Mahal Hotel was the first in India to have electricity, American fans, German elevators, Turkish baths and English butlers. Later, it also had the city's first licensed bar, India's first all-day restaurant, and India's first discotheque, Blow Up.[7] Initially in 1903, it charged ₹13 for rooms with fans and attached bathrooms, and ₹20 with full board. During World War I, the hotel was converted into a military hospital with 600 beds.

Between 1915 and 1919, work proceeded at Apollo Bundar, to reclaim the land behind the hotel where the Gateway of India was built in 1924. The Gateway of India soon became a major focal point in Bombay.

Rattanbai Petit, wife of the founder of Pakistan, spent the last days of her life in a suite of the hotel, and eventually died there in 1929, at the age of 29.[8] She was also the sister-in-law of one of the hostel's founder Ratanji Dadabhoy Tata's daughter, Sylla Tata.

1950–1970

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By 1966, the Taj Mahal Hotel had become neglected and run-down, perhaps as a result of losing the British customers after Indian independence.[9] The Taj Mahal Hotel was home to legendary jazz musician Micky Correa, "The Sultan of Swing", from 1936 to 1960.[10][11]

Expansion

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Grand staircase of the hotel
(view as a 360° interactive panorama)
The 1972 wing, today called The Taj Mahal Tower

Management of the Taj Mahal Hotel was franchised to Pan Am's Inter-Continental Hotels division in 1972[12] and it was renamed The Taj Mahal Inter-Continental, with the new tower wing opening that same year.[13]

Known today as The Taj Mahal Tower,[14] it was designed jointly by Daraius Batliwala and Rustom Patell, with the latter having a greater focus later on.[15] The Tower was built on the site of the historic Green's Hotel, constructed as flats in 1890, and operated by Tata as a hotel from 1904 until its demolition to build the Tower.[16]

In the 1970s, Taj Hotels Resorts and Palaces was reorganised. The company built new properties and converted palaces into heritage hotels. In 1980, the chain expanded overseas. The franchise agreement with Inter-Continental ended in 1995 and the hotel again became the Taj Mahal Hotel.

In 2003, in honour of the hotel's centennial, it was renamed The Taj Mahal Palace and Tower.[17]

The hotel received extensive international exposure in 2008 during a terrorist attack and reopened after extensive repairs.

2008 Mumbai attacks

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A view of hotel with smoke during the attack
Main article: 2008 Mumbai attacks
U.S. Secretary Hillary Clinton at the Taj Mahal Palace Hotel in July 2009
Gateway of India, Taj Mahal Palace Hotel and Mumbai skyline from Elephanta Island ferry

Taj Mahal Palace Hotel was specifically chosen by Lashkar-e-Taiba, a terror group who attacked multiple targets,[18] for an attack intended to strike "a blow against a symbol of Indian wealth and progress".[19] The hotel was attacked on 26 November 2008, during which material damage occurred, including the destruction of the hotel's roof in the hours following.[20] Hostages were taken during the attacks, and at least 167 people were killed, including many foreigners. The casualties were mostly Indian citizens, although westerners carrying foreign passports were singled out.[21] Indian commandos killed the terrorists barricaded in the hotel, to end the three-day battle on 29 November.[22] At least 31 died at the Taj. Approximately 450 people were staying in the Taj Mahal Palace and Hotel at the time of the siege.[23] The attack was planned using information compiled by David Headley, a Pakistani-American, who had stayed at the hotel multiple times.

Soon after this on 30 November, Tata chairman Ratan Tata said in an interview with CNN's Fareed Zakaria that they had received advance warning of the attacks and that some countermeasures had been taken. These may have been relaxed before the attack, but in any case were easily sidestepped by the operatives.[24]

The less-damaged sections of the Taj Mahal Palace and Tower hotel reopened on 21 December 2008. It took several months to rebuild the popular heritage section of the Taj Mahal Palace Hotel.[25]

Hillary Clinton visited Mumbai in July 2009, aiming to deepen India – United States relations and stayed at the Taj hotel; she also attended a commemoration event. She said, "I wanted to send a message that I personally and our country is in sympathy and solidarity with the employees and the guests of the Taj who lost their lives … with the people of Mumbai."[26] On 15 August 2010, India's Independence Day, the Taj Mahal Palace was reopened after restoration. The cost of the restoration of the hotel so far has been 1.75 billion rupees. The palace wing has been restored and offers new hotel services.[27]

In March 2010, as restoration work neared completion, the hotel dropped the word "Tower" from its name and became The Taj Mahal Palace.[28]

On 6 November 2010, U.S. president Barack Obama became the first foreign head of state to stay at the Taj Mahal Palace after the attacks. In a speech from the terrace of the hotel, Obama said that "the Taj has been the symbol of the strength and the resilience of the Indian people."[29] The attack on the hotel is portrayed in the 2018 movie Hotel Mumbai.

Recent history

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In 2017, the Taj Mahal Palace Hotel acquired an image trademark,[30] the first building in the country to secure intellectual-property-right protection for its architectural design.[31][32][33]

In media

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  • The hotel is the primary setting of the novel Night in Bombay (1940) by the American novelist Louis Bromfield.
  • It has also been mentioned in the short story "Sahab Bahadur" by Indian writer Sultan Rashed Mirza, Farhat Ullah Baaaig, and in the novel Delinquent Chacha by Ved Mehta.
  • It was portrayed as a dream destination for a schoolboy to visit in the Marathi movie Taryanche Bait.
  • Michael Palin spent the night in the hotel in episode 4 of Michael Palin: Around the World in 80 Days.
  • The hotel is the setting for the 2015 film Taj Mahal.
  • The hotel is the setting for the 2018 film Hotel Mumbai about the attacks, starring Dev Patel and Armie Hammer.
  • Hotel Grand Palace is another name for Hotel Taj Mahal[dubious – discuss]. This name has been used by people as a translation of the Hindi version of Taj Mahal, especially by authors. Such authors as Jeffrey Archer have used this term in their novels.
  • The hotel was the subject of a four-part BBC Two fly on the wall documentary series starting in August 2014, called Hotel India.[34]
  • The hotel was a shooting location for Christopher Nolan's film Tenet, released in August 2020.[35]
  • Warren, William; Gocher, Jill (2007). Asia's Legendary Hotels: The Romance of Travel. Singapore: Periplus Editions. ISBN 978-0-7946-0174-4.
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  • The dome of the hotel's old wing
    The dome of the hotel's old wing
  • An evening view of the hotel
    An evening view of the hotel
  • A view of the hotel with the Gateway of India, as seen from the Arabian Sea
    A view of the hotel with the Gateway of India, as seen from the Arabian Sea
  • The hotel, on a postcard, 1908
    The hotel, on a postcard, 1908

See also

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References

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  1. ^ Sherwell, Philip (24 October 2010). "Barack Obama's Indian delegation 'books 800 rooms in Mumbai'". The Telegraph. Archived from the original on 12 January 2022.
  2. ^ Punit, Itika Sharma (8 April 2016). "'Panama Peppers:' The restaurants in India that only those with great tax shelters can afford". Quartz.
  3. ^ "How Jinnah lost his love, and political relevance - Times of India". The Times of India. 28 June 2015.
  4. ^ Allen, Charles (3 December 2008). "The Taj Mahal hotel will, as before, survive the threat of destruction". The Guardian. London. Retrieved 24 May 2010.
  5. ^ Gray, Sadie (27 November 2008). "Terrorists target haunts of wealthy and foreign". The Guardian. London. Retrieved 24 May 2010.
  6. ^ "A monument to love – Mumbai's Taj Mahal". The Hindu. 29 November 2008.
  7. ^ Lopez, Rachel (5 January 2012). "10 things to know about the Taj Mahal Palace Hotel". Vogue.
  8. ^ "How Jinnah lost his love, and political relevance - Times of India". The Times of India. 28 June 2015.
  9. ^ Last Batch Of British Troops Leave India (1948) | British Pathé on YouTube
  10. ^ "Excerpt | Long gone blues". mint. 3 December 2011.
  11. ^ Fernandes, Naresh (16 November 2012). Taj Mahal Foxtrot: The Story of Bombay's Jazz Age. Roli Books.
  12. ^ "Page 10".
  13. ^ "The Taste with Vir Sanghvi: Here's why Indians shy away from hotels with foreign brand names". Hindustan Times. 11 April 2018.
  14. ^ Shyamal Majumdar (17 December 2011). "The story of Taj | Business Standard News". Business Standard India. Business-standard.com. Retrieved 2 June 2018.
  15. ^ Credits (31 August 2008). "AD Hotels: The Taj Mahal Palace Tower Photos". Architectural Digest. Retrieved 2 June 2018.
  16. ^ "Strange Bedfellows: The Taj and Green's — METROMOD". 9 March 2019.
  17. ^ "Indian Hotels eyes global marketing ties". www.rediff.com.
  18. ^ "Ten Years After Mumbai, the Group Responsible is Deadlier Than Ever". War on the Rocks. 26 November 2018. Retrieved 27 March 2019.
  19. ^ Foster, Peter (27 November 2008). "Bombay terror attacks: Why the Taj Mahal Hotel was chosen". Telegraph. Archived from the original on 12 January 2022. Retrieved 2 June 2018.
  20. ^ Ramesh, Randeep (27 November 2008). "Dozens still held hostage in Mumbai after a night of terror attacks". The Guardian. London. Retrieved 28 November 2008.
  21. ^ "Mumbai 26/11 terror attack- Taj Mahal hotel under siege". Archived from the original on 13 December 2021 – via www.youtube.com.
  22. ^ "Terror in Mumbai". YouTube. 21 January 2014. Archived from the original on 13 December 2021. Retrieved 2 June 2018.
  23. ^ "Timeline: Mumbai under attack". BBC News. 1 December 2008. Retrieved 3 December 2008.
  24. ^ "Taj Mahal Hotel chairman: We had warning". CNN. 29 November 2008. Archived from the original on 4 December 2013. Retrieved 6 September 2013.
  25. ^ Pasricha, Anjana (21 December 2009). "Mumbai's Attacked Hotels Reopen". Voice of America. Retrieved 22 December 2008.
  26. ^ Mohammed, Arshad (18 July 2009). "Clinton meets Mumbai victims, serenaded by artisans". Reuters. Mumbai.
  27. ^ Ved, Mahendra (16 August 2010). "Saying ta-ta to Tata group is a hard thing to do". New Straits Times. p. 17.
  28. ^ "Taj Tower to be renamed". Mid-day.com. Retrieved 19 August 2022.
  29. ^ Parsons, Christi (6 November 2010). "Obama visits site of Mumbai attacks, praises India's resilience". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 4 July 2011.
  30. ^ Vantage Asia Editor (2 February 2018). "Trademarking the Taj". Vantageasia.com. Retrieved 2 June 2018. {{cite web}}: |author= has generic name (help)
  31. ^ Zachariah, Reeba; V K, Vipashana (19 June 2017). "114-year-old Taj Palace becomes first Indian building to get trademark". Times of India. Retrieved 17 September 2019.
  32. ^ "Mumbai's Taj Palace becomes first Indian building to get trademark". International Business Times India. 19 June 2017. Retrieved 2 June 2018.
  33. ^ PTI (19 June 2017). "Mumbai's Taj Mahal Palace hotel acquires image trademark". The Indian Express. Retrieved 2 June 2018.
  34. ^ Leadbeater, Chris (26 August 2014). "Hotel India: Mumbai's Taj Mahal Palace leaves its darker days behind". The Independent. Archived from the original on 26 May 2022. Retrieved 28 August 2014.
  35. ^ "Christopher Nolan to film Tenet action scene at Mumbai's Colaba Causeway, Taj Mahal Hotel; here's when". Hindustan Times. 28 August 2019. Archived from the original on 3 September 2019.
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