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Tejas and Jayhawk

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Tejas was a code name for Intel's microprocessor, which was to be a successor to the latest Pentium 4 with the Prescott core and was sometimes referred to as Pentium V.[1] Jayhawk was a code name for its Xeon counterpart. The cancellation of the processors in May 2004 underscored Intel's historical transition of its focus on single-core processors to multi-core processors.

History

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In early 2003, Intel showed Tejas and a plan to release it sometime in 2004 with possible delays into 2005. Its development however, was cancelled on May 7, 2004.[2] Analysts attribute these issues to heat and power consumption problems due to Intel's goal of reaching ever higher clock speeds, at the detriment of work done per clock (and therefore performance per clock). This was already the case with Prescott and its mediocre performance increase over Northwood despite higher clock speeds, not to mention heavy competition from Advanced Micro Devices with their Athlon 64. Prescott was supposed to attain >5 GHz speeds with ease, yet this was not possible due to physical limitations such as heat generated and power consumed at ambient temperatures. Tejas went even further ahead with this paradigm, with Intel targeting 10 GHz clock speeds by 2011 trying to fulfill the prediction made by Andrew Grove in his keynote speech at the 1996 COMDEX/Fall[3]. Soon enough it was clear this represented a dead end.

This cancellation reflected Intel's intention to focus on dual-core chips for the Itanium platform. With respect to desktop processors, Intel's development efforts shifted to the Pentium M microarchitecture (itself a derivative of the P6 microarchitecture last used in the Pentium III) used in the Centrino notebook platform, which offered greatly improved performance per watt compared to Prescott and other NetBurst designs. The result of modernizing the P6 microarchitecture was the Core processor line, and later the Core 2 line, offering Intel's first native dual core products for desktops and laptops while regaining the performance crown[4] back from AMD.

This defined the end for the NetBurst architecture, with Core setting the foundation and path for power efficient architectures that followed along the Tick–tock model. Although NetBurst was a dead end for the company, its concepts were later reused and repurposed[5] in Sandy Bridge.

To bridge the gap left by Tejas' cancellation in the x86 market, Intel did one last revision to NetBurst, codenamed Cedar Mill (single core) and Presler (dual core).

Design and microarchitecture

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Tejas and Jayhawk were to make several improvements on the Pentium 4's NetBurst microarchitecture. Tejas was originally to be built on a 90 nm process, later moving to a 65 nm process. The 90 nm version of the processor was reported to have 1 MB L2 cache, while the 65 nm chip would increase the cache to 2 MB. There was also to be a dual core version of Tejas called Cedarmill (or Cedar Mill depending on the source). This Cedarmill should not be confused with the 65 nm Cedar Mill-based Pentium 4, which appears to be what the codename was recycled for.

A thermal sample of an Intel Jayhawk CPU, with the Sspec QBGC

The trace cache capacity would likely have been increased, and the number of pipeline stages was increased to between 40 and 50 stages.[6] There would have been an improved version of Hyper-Threading, as well as a new version of SSE, which was later backported to the Intel Core 2 series and named SSSE3. Tejas was slated to operate at frequencies of 7 GHz[1] or higher. However, it's likely that Tejas wouldn't have had linear performance scaling, as it would on average have executed fewer instructions per clock cycle due to more pipeline bubbles from branch mispredicts and data cache misses. Also, it would have run hotter as well with a TDP much higher than the Prescott core of Pentium 4. The CPU was cancelled late in its development after it had reached its tapeout phase.[6]

Initial claims reported early samples of single core 90 nm Tejas running at 2.8 GHz and rated for 150 W TDP on the LGA 775 socket,[7] a notable increase over single core 90 nm Prescott (Pentium 4 521, 2.8 GHz, 84 W TDP)[8] and higher than 90 nm dual core Smithfield (Pentium D 820, 2.8 GHz, 95 W TDP).[9] In contrast, 65 nm dual core Core 2 Duo processors had a maximum of 65 W TDP (E6850, 3.00 GHz)[10] while being much more efficient with markedly higher performance per clock.

However, the existence of engineering samples have been challenged and no source indicates that tape-out of Tejas ever existed - the sample shown in the AnandTech article [7] being a Prescott B0 ES.[11] Most probably only thermal samples of Tejas were produced.

See also

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References

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  1. ^ a b Dutton, Paul. "Pentium V will launch with 64-bit Windows Elements". The Inquirer. Archived from the original on May 11, 2009. Retrieved 31 March 2013.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  2. ^ "Intel cancels Tejas, moves to dual-core designs". EETimes. 2004-05-07.
  3. ^ Grove, Andrew S. "Intel Keynote Transcript". www.intel.com. Retrieved 2024-11-29.
  4. ^ Shimpi, Anand Lal. "Intel's Core 2 Extreme & Core 2 Duo: The Empire Strikes Back". www.anandtech.com. Retrieved 2023-06-24.
  5. ^ "Intel's Netburst: Failure is a Foundation for Success". Chips and Cheese. 2022-06-17. Retrieved 2023-06-24.
  6. ^ a b Chip magicians at work: patching at 45nm
  7. ^ a b Shimpi, Anand Lal. "Covert Ops in Taiwan - Intel Tejas & Socket 775 Unveiled". Retrieved 2016-12-01.
  8. ^ "Intel® Pentium® 4 Processor 521 supporting HT Technology (1M Cache, 2.80 GHz, 800 MHz FSB) Specifications". Intel® ARK (Product Specs). Retrieved 2016-12-01.
  9. ^ "Intel® Pentium® D Processor 820 (2M Cache, 2.80 GHz, 800 MHz FSB) Specifications". Intel® ARK (Product Specs). Retrieved 2016-12-01.
  10. ^ "Intel® Core™2 Duo Processor E6850 (4M Cache, 3.00 GHz, 1333 MHz FSB) Specifications". Intel® ARK (Product Specs). Retrieved 2016-12-01.
  11. ^ Samuel Demeulemeester (2018-09-11). "J'ai enfin résolu un mystère vieux de 15 ans : ce post de [anandtech] qui disait en janvier [2004] avoir une photo de Tejas alors que mes sources affirmaient que Tejas n'avait jamais tape-out. J'ai retrouvé le CPU ... et c'est un Prescott B0 ES" [I finally solved a 15-years-old mystery: this anandtech post saying in January [2004] to have a photograph of Tejas whereas my sources stated that Tejas was never tape-out. I found the CPU ... and it's a Prescott B0 ES.]. Retrieved 2018-09-12.

General

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