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Collagen, type VII, alpha 1

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COL7A1
Identifiers
AliasesCOL7A1, EBD1, EBDCT, EBR1, NDNC8, collagen type VII alpha 1, collagen type VII alpha 1 chain
External IDsOMIM: 120120; MGI: 88462; HomoloGene: 73; GeneCards: COL7A1; OMA:COL7A1 - orthologs
Orthologs
SpeciesHumanMouse
Entrez

1294

12836

Ensembl

ENSG00000114270

ENSMUSG00000025650

UniProt

Q02388

Q63870

RefSeq (mRNA)

NM_000094

NM_007738

RefSeq (protein)

NP_000085

NP_031764

Location (UCSC)Chr 3: 48.56 – 48.6 MbChr 9: 108.78 – 108.81 Mb
PubMed search[3][4]
Wikidata
View/Edit HumanView/Edit Mouse
Domains and subdomains of Collagen VII, including the position of the exons (EX) encoding each domain.

Collagen alpha-1(VII) chain is a protein that in humans is encoded by the COL7A1 gene.[5] It is composed of a triple helical, collagenous domain flanked by two non-collagenous domains, and functions as an anchoring fibril between the dermal-epidermal junction in the basement membrane.[6] Mutations in COL7A1 cause all types of dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa, and the exact mutations vary based on the specific type or subtype.[7] It has been shown that interactions between the NC-1 domain of collagen VII and several other proteins, including laminin-5 and collagen IV, contribute greatly to the overall stability of the basement membrane.[6][8]

Structure

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Type VII collagen is composed of three main domains in the following order: a non-collagenous domain, abbreviated NC-1; a collagenous domain; and a second non-collagenous domain, NC-2.[6] The NC-1 domain has a cartilage matrix protein (CMP), nine fibronectin III (FNIII)-like subdomains, and a von Willebrand Factor A-like subdomain (VWFA1); a notable segment in the NC-2 domain is analogous to a Kunitz protease inhibitor molecule.[9]

Function

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This gene encodes the alpha chain of type VII collagen. The type VII collagen fibril, composed of three identical alpha collagen chains, is restricted to the basement zone beneath stratified squamous epithelia. It functions as an anchoring fibril between the external epithelia and the underlying stroma. Mutations in this gene are associated with all forms of dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa.[10] In the absence of mutations, however, an autoimmune response against type VII collagen can result in an acquired form of this disease called epidermolysis bullosa acquisita.[11]

Type VII collagen is also found in the retina; its function in this organ is unknown.[12]

COL7A1 is located on the short arm of human chromosome 3, in the chromosomal region denoted 3p21.31. The gene is approximately 31,000 base pairs in size and is remarkable for the extreme fragmentation of its coding sequence into 118 exons.[13][14] COL7A1 is transcribed into an mRNA of 9,287 bases.[15] In the skin, the type VII collagen protein is synthesized by keratinocytes and dermal fibroblasts.[16]

The symbol for the orthologous gene in the mouse is Col7a1.

Clinical significance

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The inherited disease, dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa, is caused by recessive or dominant mutations in COL7A1.[17] Recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa, the most severe type of epidermolysis bullosa, has two subtypes, generalized intermediate and generalized severe, which have been linked to different mutations in the COL7A1 gene.[7][9] Recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa, generalized intermediate, is caused primarily by missense, in-frame, and splice-site mutations on one allele. The generalized severe subtype may be caused by premature termination codons in both alleles. These mutations cause little to no expression of collagen VII, which manifests primarily as generalized blistering in the skin and mucosal membranes.[7] This blistering may also lead to several other complications, such as eye abrasions, esophageal stricture, deformity of the hands and feet, and squamous cell carcinoma, among others.[7][9]

Dominant dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa is most often caused by missense mutations, especially glycine substitutions in the collagenous domain.[7][9] The symptoms of dominant dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa are less severe than those of the recessive types, with mild blistering and loss of nails.[7][9]

Epidermolysis bullosa acquisita involves an autoimmune reaction to this form of collagen.[18]

Beremagene geperpavec (Vyjuvek), is a gene therapy indicated for the treatment of wounds for people with dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa with mutation(s) in the collagen type VII alpha 1 chain (COL7A1) gene.[19][20]

Interactions

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Collagen, type VII, alpha 1 forms a complex network with several other proteins in the basement membrane.[6] It has been shown to interact with laminin 5[21] and fibronectin, as well as collagen IV, by binding these proteins in the NC-1 domain.[22][23][8] The stability of the basement membrane and dermal-epidermal junction is thought to be due to these interactions.[6][24]

See also

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References

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  1. ^ a b c GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000114270 – Ensembl, May 2017
  2. ^ a b c GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000025650 – Ensembl, May 2017
  3. ^ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
  4. ^ "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
  5. ^ Parente MG, Chung LC, Ryynänen J, Woodley DT, Wynn KC, Bauer EA, et al. (August 1991). "Human type VII collagen: cDNA cloning and chromosomal mapping of the gene". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 88 (16): 6931–6935. Bibcode:1991PNAS...88.6931P. doi:10.1073/pnas.88.16.6931. PMC 52207. PMID 1871109.
  6. ^ a b c d e Watanabe M, Natsuga K, Shinkuma S, Shimizu H (May 2018). "Epidermal aspects of type VII collagen: Implications for dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa and epidermolysis bullosa acquisita". The Journal of Dermatology. 45 (5): 515–521. doi:10.1111/1346-8138.14222. PMID 29352483. S2CID 19256089.
  7. ^ a b c d e f Shinkuma S (May 2015). "Dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa: a review". Clinical, Cosmetic and Investigational Dermatology. 8: 275–284. doi:10.2147/CCID.S54681. PMC 4451851. PMID 26064063.
  8. ^ a b Has C, Nyström A, Saeidian AH, Bruckner-Tuderman L, Uitto J (October 2018). "Epidermolysis bullosa: Molecular pathology of connective tissue components in the cutaneous basement membrane zone". Matrix Biology. 71–72: 313–329. doi:10.1016/j.matbio.2018.04.001. PMID 29627521. S2CID 4718012.
  9. ^ a b c d e Has C, Bauer JW, Bodemer C, Bolling MC, Bruckner-Tuderman L, Diem A, et al. (October 2020). "Consensus reclassification of inherited epidermolysis bullosa and other disorders with skin fragility". The British Journal of Dermatology. 183 (4): 614–627. doi:10.1111/bjd.18921. PMID 32017015. S2CID 211022921.
  10. ^ Bardhan A, Bruckner-Tuderman L, Chapple IL, Fine JD, Harper N, Has C, et al. (September 2020). "Epidermolysis bullosa". Nature Reviews. Disease Primers. 6 (1): 78. doi:10.1038/s41572-020-0210-0. PMID 32973163. S2CID 221861310.
  11. ^ "COL7A1 collagen, type VII, alpha 1 (epidermolysis bullosa, dystrophic, dominant and recessive)". NCBI Entrez Gene database.
  12. ^ Ponsioen TL, van Luyn MJ, van der Worp RJ, van Meurs JC, Hooymans JM, Los LI (September 2008). "Collagen distribution in the human vitreoretinal interface". Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science. 49 (9): 4089–4095. doi:10.1167/iovs.07-1456. PMID 18450587.
  13. ^ Christiano AM, Hoffman GG, Chung-Honet LC, Lee S, Cheng W, Uitto J, Greenspan DS (May 1994). "Structural organization of the human type VII collagen gene (COL7A1), composed of more exons than any previously characterized gene". Genomics. 21 (1): 169–179. doi:10.1006/geno.1994.1239. PMID 8088784.
  14. ^ "COL7A1 genomic sequence". NCBI Entrez Nucleotide Database. 17 May 2004.
  15. ^ "COL7A1 mRNA sequence". NCBI Entrez Nucleotide Database. 15 September 1995.
  16. ^ Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM): COL7A1 - 120120
  17. ^ Dang N, Murrell DF (July 2008). "Mutation analysis and characterization of COL7A1 mutations in dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa". Experimental Dermatology. 17 (7): 553–568. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0625.2008.00723.x. PMID 18558993. S2CID 32600295.
  18. ^ Chapel H, Haeney M, Misbah S (2006). Essentials of clinical immunology. Wiley-Blackwell. pp. 207–. ISBN 978-1-4051-2761-5. Retrieved 25 June 2010.
  19. ^ "FDA Approves First Topical Gene Therapy for Treatment of Wounds in Patients with Dystrophic Epidermolysis Bullosa". U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) (Press release). 19 May 2023. Retrieved 28 May 2023. Public Domain This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
  20. ^ "Vyjuvek". U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). 19 May 2023. 125774. Retrieved 30 May 2023. Public Domain This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
  21. ^ Rousselle P, Keene DR, Ruggiero F, Champliaud MF, Rest M, Burgeson RE (August 1997). "Laminin 5 binds the NC-1 domain of type VII collagen". The Journal of Cell Biology. 138 (3): 719–728. doi:10.1083/jcb.138.3.719. PMC 2141627. PMID 9245798.
  22. ^ Lapiere JC, Chen JD, Iwasaki T, Hu L, Uitto J, Woodley DT (November 1994). "Type VII collagen specifically binds fibronectin via a unique subdomain within the collagenous triple helix". The Journal of Investigative Dermatology. 103 (5): 637–641. doi:10.1111/1523-1747.ep12398270. PMID 7963647.
  23. ^ Chen M, Marinkovich MP, Veis A, Cai X, Rao CN, O'Toole EA, Woodley DT (June 1997). "Interactions of the amino-terminal noncollagenous (NC1) domain of type VII collagen with extracellular matrix components. A potential role in epidermal-dermal adherence in human skin". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 272 (23): 14516–14522. doi:10.1074/jbc.272.23.14516. PMID 9169408.
  24. ^ Gatseva A, Sin YY, Brezzo G, Van Agtmael T (September 2019). "Basement membrane collagens and disease mechanisms". Essays in Biochemistry. 63 (3): 297–312. doi:10.1042/EBC20180071. PMC 6744580. PMID 31387942.

Further reading

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