Baler, Aurora
Baler | |
|---|---|
| Municipality of Baler | |
 Sentro Baler | |
 Flag  Seal | |
 Map of Aurora with Baler highlighted | |
OpenStreetMap
| |
.svg)  Baler Location in the Philippines | |
| Coordinates: 15°45′30″N 121°33′45″E / 15.75833°N 121.5625°E | |
| Country | Philippines |
| Region | Central Luzon |
| Province | Aurora |
| District | Lone district |
| Founded | August 19, 1609 |
| Barangays | 13 (see Barangays) |
| Government | |
| • Type | Sangguniang Bayan |
| • Mayor | Rhett Ronan T. Angara |
| • Vice Mayor | Pedro M. Ong Jr. |
| • Representative | Rommel Rico T. Angara |
| • Municipal Council | Members |
| • Electorate | 28,138 voters (2022) |
| Area | |
| • Total | 92.55 km2 (35.73 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 118 m (387 ft) |
| Highest elevation | 1,306 m (4,285 ft) |
| Lowest elevation | 0 m (0 ft) |
| Population (2020 census)[3] | |
| • Total | 43,785 |
| • Density | 470/km2 (1,200/sq mi) |
| • Households | 10,197 |
| Demonym(s) | Balereño, Balerino Baleriano (colloquial) |
| Economy | |
| • Income class | 3rd municipal income class |
| • Poverty incidence | 14.37 |
| • Revenue | ₱ 175.9 million (2020) |
| • Assets | ₱ 403.7 million (2020) |
| • Expenditure | ₱ 172.7 million (2020) |
| • Liabilities | ₱ 137.8 million (2020) |
| Service provider | |
| • Electricity | Aurora Electric Cooperative (AURELCO) |
| Time zone | UTC+8 (PST) |
| ZIP code | 3200 |
| PSGC | |
| IDD : area code | +63 (0)42 |
| Native languages | Northern Alta Tagalog Ilocano |
| Website | www |
Baler (/bɑːˈlɛr/, /bɒˈlɛr/, /bʌˈlɛər/, bah-LAIR; [bɐˈleɾ]), officially the Municipality of Baler (Tagalog: Bayan ng Baler; Ilocano: Ili ti Baler), is a 3rd class municipality and capital of the province of Aurora, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 43,785 people.[3]
Baler is located 231 kilometers (144 mi) northeast of Manila and is accessible by bus and private vehicles via a mountain pass. It is host to spectacular geographic formations and is situated on a vast plain at the south end of Baler Bay, a contiguous segment of the Philippine Sea.
It became the capital of Aurora on June 14, 1951, under Republic Act No. 648[5] signed by President Elpidio Quirino. It remained the seat of government of Aurora on November 21, 1978, under Batas Pambansa Blg. 7[6] signed by President Ferdinand Marcos.
On August 6, 2023, Republic Act No. 11957, also known as “An Act Recognizing the Municipality of Baler in the Province of Aurora as the ‘Birthplace of Philippine Surfing,” became law without President Bongbong Marcos’s signature.[7][8]
History
[edit] | This section needs additional citations for verification. (November 2016) |
Spanish colonial period
[edit].jpg)
In 1609, seven Franciscan missionaries, led by Fray Blas Palomino, founded the settlement of Baler, which was later converted into a pueblo (town) by the Augustinians and the Recollects in 1658. Due to scarcity of religious missionaries, the Franciscans again took over the administration of the settlement in 1703.
On December 27, 1735, a great storm came and a huge wave called tromba marina devastated the old town settlement, then located in Barrio Sabang. Among the survivors were the Angaras, Bijasas, Bitongs, Lumasacs, Carrascos, and Pobletes who swam toward the nearby Ermita Hill.[9][failed verification] A new community sprang into what is now the Poblacion of Baler, leaving "Kinagunasan," the place of devastation. A mural depicting this wave can be found in the Museo de Baler in town.[citation needed]
On June 27, 1898, 15 days after the Philippine Declaration of Independence, 54 Spanish soldiers of the Baler garrison, under the command of Captain Enrique de las Morenas y Fossi, made San Luis Obispo de Tolosa Church, named in Spanish for Louis of Toulouse, their barracks. When de las Morenas died on November 22, 1898, Lieutenant Saturnino Martín Cerezo replaced him. On June 2, 1899, the last Spanish garrison in the Philippines surrendered after the Siege of Baler, effectively ending over 300 years of Spanish rule in the country.[10]
American colonial period
[edit]In 1902, the Americans incorporated the town into the province of Tayabas. Before the Americans came, Baler was under the district of El Príncipe from Nueva Ecija.[11][12]
The Comedia de Baler of Aurora mounted its first production in 1927. It was supported by then President Manuel L. Quezon and enjoyed the collaboration of artists Fortunato Esoreña and Alejandro Ferreras and arnis expert Antonino Ramos. Still alive today, it features a group of colorfully attired performers using authentic weapons, like swords and knives, in their plays. Manuel L. Quezon was the governor of Tayabas, which was renamed Quezon in his honor.
Japanese occupation
[edit]In 1942, the Imperial Japanese Army entered Baler, where they made the Baler Elementary School building their garrison under the command of a certain Captain Hattori. The general headquarters and camp base of the Philippine Commonwealth Army from January 3, 1942, to June 30, 1946, and the Philippine Constabulary from October 28, 1944, to June 30, 1946, were stationed in Baler.
In 1945, Filipino and American troops landed in Baler, including Filipino troops of the 3rd Infantry Division, the 5th Infantry Division, the 51st Infantry Division, and the 52nd Infantry Division of the Philippine Commonwealth Army, the 5th Constabulary Regiment of the Philippine Constabulary, the local recognized guerrilla unit, and the American troops of the 6th Infantry Division of the United States Army. The retreating Japanese troops destroyed the San Luis Obispo de Tolosa Church in Baler.[citation needed]
Post-war period
[edit]On June 14, 1951, by virtue of Republic Act No. 648, Baler became the capital town of the sub-province (and later, province) of Aurora which was made out of Quezon.[5] Baler is the birthplace of Manuel Quezon and his cousin and wife Aurora Aragon-Quezon. One obvious reason was the area's isolation from the rest of Quezon Province: there were no direct links to the rest of the province and much of the terrain was mountainous and heavily forested, which made the area relatively isolated, and its distance from Quezon's capital Lucena.[13]
In 1956, the barrio of Dingalan was converted into a municipal district within Baler and later became a town in its right.[14]
In 1976-7 the helicopter attack and surfing sequences of the film Apocalypse Now were filmed at Baler. The film is credited with having created the Philippine surfing culture and the headland at Baler is known as "Charlie's Point" from a line in the film.[15]
Geography
[edit]According to the Philippine Statistics Authority, the municipality has a land area of 92.55 square kilometers (35.73 sq mi) [16] constituting 2.94% of the 3,147.32-square-kilometer (1,215.19 sq mi) total area of Aurora.
Barangays
[edit]Baler is politically subdivided into 13 barangays.[17] Each barangay consists of puroks and some have sitios.
| PSGC | Barangay | Population | ±% p.a. | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2020[3] | 2010[18] | |||||
| 037701001 | Barangay I (Poblacion) | 1.3% | 587 | 717 | −1.98% | |
| 037701002 | Barangay II (Poblacion) | 0.7% | 312 | 374 | −1.80% | |
| 037701003 | Barangay III (Poblacion) | 0.8% | 357 | 434 | −1.93% | |
| 037701004 | Barangay IV (Poblacion) | 0.8% | 363 | 389 | −0.69% | |
| 037701005 | Barangay V (Poblacion) | 3.9% | 1,718 | 1,662 | 0.33% | |
| 037701006 | Buhangin | 12.1% | 5,310 | 5,057 | 0.49% | |
| 037701007 | Calabuanan | 8.9% | 3,895 | 3,221 | 1.92% | |
| 037701008 | Obligacion | 2.8% | 1,215 | 1,135 | 0.68% | |
| 037701009 | Pingit | 13.5% | 5,913 | 4,989 | 1.71% | |
| 037701010 | Reserva | 10.5% | 4,580 | 4,064 | 1.20% | |
| 037701011 | Sabang | 11.0% | 4,833 | 4,829 | 0.01% | |
| 037701012 | Suclayin | 14.5% | 6,341 | 5,923 | 0.68% | |
| 037701013 | Zabali | 9.5% | 4,138 | 3,216 | 2.55% | |
| Total | 43,785 | 36,010 | 1.97% | |||
Climate
[edit]| Climate data for Baler, Aurora (1995–2020, extremes 1949–2020) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 33.3 (91.9) |
35.0 (95.0) |
35.8 (96.4) |
37.5 (99.5) |
38.6 (101.5) |
38.8 (101.8) |
41.2 (106.2) |
37.0 (98.6) |
37.0 (98.6) |
35.5 (95.9) |
34.2 (93.6) |
33.9 (93.0) |
41.2 (106.2) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 27.7 (81.9) |
28.4 (83.1) |
29.6 (85.3) |
30.9 (87.6) |
31.5 (88.7) |
31.8 (89.2) |
31.2 (88.2) |
31.5 (88.7) |
31.4 (88.5) |
30.7 (87.3) |
29.5 (85.1) |
28.0 (82.4) |
30.2 (86.4) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 24.5 (76.1) |
24.9 (76.8) |
25.9 (78.6) |
27.1 (80.8) |
27.8 (82.0) |
28.2 (82.8) |
27.7 (81.9) |
27.9 (82.2) |
27.8 (82.0) |
27.2 (81.0) |
26.2 (79.2) |
25.0 (77.0) |
26.7 (80.1) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 21.3 (70.3) |
21.4 (70.5) |
22.3 (72.1) |
23.4 (74.1) |
24.2 (75.6) |
24.6 (76.3) |
24.2 (75.6) |
24.4 (75.9) |
24.1 (75.4) |
23.7 (74.7) |
22.9 (73.2) |
22.0 (71.6) |
23.2 (73.8) |
| Record low °C (°F) | 14.3 (57.7) |
15.3 (59.5) |
17.1 (62.8) |
17.7 (63.9) |
20.0 (68.0) |
20.0 (68.0) |
20.0 (68.0) |
20.0 (68.0) |
19.6 (67.3) |
18.3 (64.9) |
17.1 (62.8) |
16.1 (61.0) |
14.3 (57.7) |
| Average rainfall mm (inches) | 227.4 (8.95) |
182.0 (7.17) |
193.7 (7.63) |
203.2 (8.00) |
296.6 (11.68) |
246.7 (9.71) |
286.0 (11.26) |
169.9 (6.69) |
317.1 (12.48) |
394.4 (15.53) |
385.9 (15.19) |
454.1 (17.88) |
3,357 (132.17) |
| Average rainy days (≥ 1.0 mm) | 13 | 11 | 13 | 13 | 14 | 14 | 16 | 13 | 15 | 16 | 14 | 15 | 167 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 86 | 86 | 86 | 86 | 85 | 84 | 84 | 83 | 84 | 85 | 87 | 87 | 85 |
| Source: PAGASA[19][20] | |||||||||||||
Demographics
[edit]| Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
|---|---|---|
| 1903 | 2,417 | — |
| 1918 | 3,413 | +2.33% |
| 1939 | 11,887 | +6.12% |
| 1948 | 17,182 | +4.18% |
| 1960 | 10,350 | −4.14% |
| 1970 | 14,632 | +3.52% |
| 1975 | 16,046 | +1.87% |
| 1980 | 18,349 | +2.72% |
| 1990 | 24,689 | +3.01% |
| 1995 | 26,919 | +1.63% |
| 2000 | 29,923 | +2.29% |
| 2007 | 34,492 | +1.98% |
| 2010 | 36,010 | +1.58% |
| 2015 | 39,562 | +1.81% |
| 2020 | 43,785 | +2.01% |
| Source: Philippine Statistics Authority[21][18][22][23] | ||
People with connections to the town are referred to as Balereños. Prior to the arrival of Spanish missionaries in Baler in 1609, settlements by Aeta people and Bugkalot in Baler's coast and mountain areas already exists, along with Kapampangan settlements in coast and plains.[24][25][26] Tagalogs, some originating from Palanan and Infanta, Quezon, came in to the area to trade by boat. Some Tagalogs settled in Baler and married with the Aeta and Bugkalots.[27] [28] Kapampangans assimilated to the Tagalog settlers.
The Spanish brought in Filipino acolytes from other areas of Luzon from 1609 to 1899. During this period, Baler can only be access by sea though the town saw increase migration from other parts of Luzon such as Laguna, Tayabas, and Bicol from the south.The opening of the Baler-Bongabon Road allowed easier migration of people from Ilocos and Isabela areas from the north. The road also allowed Igorot people and Batangueños to settle in Baler. In 1896, a group of Ilocanos from Aringay, La Union came to settle in San Jose, now called Maria Aurora. In 1906, another group of Ilocanos arrived from La Union and Pangasinan. The guerrilla movement during the Japanese occupation brought Novo Ecijanos (people from Nueva Ecija) to Baler; Novo Ecijanos include Tagalogs, Ilocanos, and Kapampangans, with quite large number of Pangasinenses. The Balereños learned trade from the Batangueños and the Novo Ecijanos; where before they used to share what they have, now they would sell coconut to their neighbors.[27][29][30] Other ethnic groups who came and stayed in Baler include Christianized Gaddang and Isinai settlers who settled the surrounding lowlands of Baler Bay.[31]
In the 2020 census, Baler had a population of 43,785.[3] The population density was 470 inhabitants per square kilometer (1,200/sq mi).
Languages
[edit] | This section needs additional citations for verification. (April 2023) |
The Tagalog and Ilocano languages are the main languages spoken in Baler.[32][33][34] The province of Aurora is claimed to primarily speak a Tagalog dialect that is closely related to the Tayabas Tagalog of Quezon, with some Ilocano influences.[35][36][better source needed] In Baler, for example, the variety is called Tagalog-Baler (Balereño). The Tagalog dialect of Balereños is also known for distinctive expressions like akkaw, used to express surprise, wonder, disgust, and objection; it is also akin to the English term "Wow!" Other regional term expressions spoken in Baler are are(h), used to express a negative feeling of surprise; anin, used to express regret or pity for a situation; and many other words are also spoken similarly to neighboring Quezon, like adyo, meaning to climb, and puropur, which pertain to rain with gusty wind.[37] Manuel L. Quezon, who was from Baler, was called the Father of the National Language for approving the recommendation of the Institute of National Language for Tagalog as the basis of the national language. Other languages spoken in Baler are Kapampangan & Pangasinan, Ga'dang & Isinai in surrounding lowlands of Baler Bay, and Bugkalot and Northern Alta or Edimala.[38]
Economy
[edit]
Poverty incidence of Baler
2.5
5
7.5
10
12.5
15
2006
11.60 2009
9.56 2012
9.99 2015
9.13 2018
7.34 2021
14.37 Source: Philippine Statistics Authority[39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46] |
Government
[edit]Local government
[edit]
The current officials of Baler, Aurora (as of June 30, 2022)[47]
| Name | Designation | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rhett Ronan Angara | Mayor | |||||||
| Bobong Ong | Vice Mayor | |||||||
| Pandus Valenzuela | Member, Sangguniang Bayan | |||||||
| Emmanuel Galban | ||||||||
| Danilo Ong | ||||||||
| Carlito Morillo | ||||||||
| Ellah Cherryl Villacorte | ||||||||
| Santino Rosauro Guerrero | ||||||||
| Francisco Zubia III | ||||||||
| Lysander Querijero | ||||||||
Culture
[edit]Baler annually observes the Philippine–Spanish Friendship Day which commemorates the end of the Siege of Baler[48] and celebrates the bilateral relations that have developed since then.[49] It is held every June 30 and the rites which was first done in the provincial capital are also observed in other parts of the country, as well as parts of Spain.[48]
Education
[edit]Tertiary education
[edit]- Aurora State College of Technology
- Mount Carmel College of Baler
- School of Health Sciences, campus Baler, University of the Philippines Manila[50]
Secondary education
[edit]Media
[edit]Baler is home to one TV station, GMA 5 Baler, and five radio stations, all in the FM band.
Notable personalities
[edit]
- Manuel L. Quezon, first president of the Commonwealth of the Philippines
- Aurora Quezon, former first lady of the Philippines, wife of President Manuel L. Quezon
- Eunice Pablo Guerrero-Cucueco, the first female governor of Aurora province
- Edgardo Angara, former senate president, former University of the Philippines president and longest-serving senator in the Philippines
- Bella Angara, the first and currently only female majority floor leader of the House of Representatives of the Philippines
- Sonny Angara, incumbent Philippine senator
- John Arcilla, veteran actor
- Arvin Amatorio, attorney and politician, the mayor of Bergenfield, New Jersey
Gallery
[edit]-
Doña Aurora Aragon-Quezon House -
Museo de Baler -
Outer Banks, Labasin‑Sabang Beach -
View of Baler Bay from Ermita Hill -
Rocky islets in Diguisit Bay -
Dicasalarin Cove
References
[edit]- ^ Municipality of Baler | (DILG)
- ^ "2015 Census of Population, Report No. 3 – Population, Land Area, and Population Density" (PDF). Philippine Statistics Authority. Quezon City, Philippines. August 2016. ISSN 0117-1453. Archived (PDF) from the original on May 25, 2021. Retrieved July 16, 2021.
- ^ a b c d Census of Population (2020). "Region III (Central Luzon)". Total Population by Province, City, Municipality and Barangay. Philippine Statistics Authority. Retrieved July 8, 2021.
- ^ "PSA Releases the 2021 City and Municipal Level Poverty Estimates". Philippine Statistics Authority. April 2, 2024. Retrieved April 28, 2024.
- ^ a b Republic Act No. 648 (June 14, 1951), "An Act Creating The Subprovince of Aurora, Which Shall Comprise The Municipalities of Baler, Casiguran, Dipaculao And Maria Aurora, Province of Quezon", Chan Robles Virtual Law Library, archived from the original on April 24, 2016
- ^ Batas Pambansa Blg. 7 (November 21, 1978), "An Act Separating the Sub-Province of Aurora from the Province of Quezon and Establishing It as an Independent Province", Chan Robles Virtual Law Library, archived from the original on March 3, 2016, retrieved November 5, 2016
- ^ Antonio, Raymundo (August 9, 2023). "Baler is now officially the Birthplace of PH Surfing". Manila Bulletin. Archived from the original on November 9, 2023. Retrieved February 4, 2024.
- ^ Gita-Carlos, Ruth Abbey (August 8, 2023). "New law declares Baler 'birthplace of PH surfing'". Philippine News Agency. Retrieved February 4, 2024.
- ^ GOVPH. "National Historical Commission of the Philippines – "A Filipino society with citizens informed of their history, who love their country and are proud of their cultural heritage."". Nhcp.gov.ph. Archived from the original on May 14, 2013. Retrieved November 5, 2016.
- ^ Hernandez, Miguel. "The Last Action of the Spanish American War: The Siege of Baler". The Spanish American War Centennial Website. Archived from the original on July 30, 2016. Retrieved November 5, 2016.
- ^ National Historical Commission of the Philippines. "History of Baler". National Historical Commission of the Philippines. Retrieved March 9, 2012.
When military district of El Príncipe was created in 1856, Baler became its capital...On June 12, 1902 a civil government was established, moving the district of El Príncipe away from the administrative jurisdiction of Nueva Ecija...and placing it under the jurisdiction of Tayabas Province.
- ^ "Act No. 417 – An Act Annexing the Districts of Infanta and Principe and the Island of Polillo to the Province of Tayabas". Supreme Court E-Library. Philippine Commission. June 12, 1902. Archived from the original on February 18, 2022. Retrieved February 18, 2022.
- ^ Baler For All Time by Edgardo Angara
- ^ Republic Act No. 1536 (June 16, 1956), "An Act Creating the Municipal District of Dingalan in the Municipality of Baler, Subprovince of Aurora, Province of Quezon", PhilippineLaw.info, archived from the original on May 3, 2012, retrieved November 5, 2016
- ^ Kate McGeown (April 16, 2013). "How Apocalypse Now inspired Filipino surfers". BBC News. Retrieved September 26, 2019.
- ^ "Province: Aurora". PSGC Interactive. Quezon City, Philippines: Philippine Statistics Authority. Retrieved November 12, 2016.
- ^ "Municipal: Baler, Aurora". PSGC Interactive. Quezon City, Philippines: Philippine Statistics Authority. Retrieved January 8, 2016.
- ^ a b Census of Population and Housing (2010). "Region III (Central Luzon)" (PDF). Total Population by Province, City, Municipality and Barangay. National Statistics Office. Retrieved June 29, 2016.
- ^ "Baler, Aurora Climatological Normal Values 1991–2020" (PDF). Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration. Archived from the original (PDF) on March 1, 2022. Retrieved May 5, 2022.
- ^ "Baler, Aurora Climatological Extremes" (PDF). Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration. Archived from the original (PDF) on March 8, 2022. Retrieved May 5, 2022.
- ^ Census of Population (2015). "Region III (Central Luzon)". Total Population by Province, City, Municipality and Barangay. Philippine Statistics Authority. Retrieved June 20, 2016.
- ^ Censuses of Population (1903–2007). "Region III (Central Luzon)". Table 1. Population Enumerated in Various Censuses by Province/Highly Urbanized City: 1903 to 2007. National Statistics Office.
- ^ "Province of Aurora". Municipality Population Data. Local Water Utilities Administration Research Division. Retrieved December 17, 2016.
- ^ "Tantingco: The Kapampangan in Us". Archived from the original on January 23, 2024. Retrieved January 23, 2024.
- ^ What is the Kapampangan Region?
- ^ [https://www.language-and-society.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/Ariel-49-61.pdf The Language Shift from the Middle and Upper Middle-Class Families in the Kapampangan Speaking Region]
- ^ a b Mesina, Ilovita. "Baler And Its People, The Aurorans". Aurora.ph. Retrieved February 21, 2018.
- ^ Barrows, David P. (1910). "The Ilongot or Ibilao of Luzon". Popular Science Monthly. Vol. 77, no. 1–6. pp. 521–537.
These people (Ilongot) scattered rancherias toward Baler and sustain trading relations with the Tagalog of that town, but are hostile with the Ilongot of Nueva Vizcaya jurisdiction.
- ^ Baler and Other Sceneries of Aurora
- ^ Lowland Cultural Group of the Tagalogs
- ^ "Encyclopedia.com: Ilongot". Archived from the original on April 25, 2024. Retrieved April 25, 2024.
- ^ Socio-Economic Profile of Baler
- ^ Baler in Aurora - Scene of the Film "Apocalypse Now"
- ^ BALER ON A BUDGET: Travel Guide & Itinerary
- ^ Discovering Aurora Archived January 31, 2024, at the Wayback Machine in phinder.ph
- ^ Is it true that Aurora uses the Southern Tagalog dialect? in Reddit
- ^ Selaznog, Olag (2013). Ak'kaw Poppo: Talaan ng Salitang Baler (1st ed.). Makati City: Baler Aurora Ngayon Angkan at Kasaysayan (Banak Inc.).
- ^ Discover the Philippines: Aurora Province
- ^ "Poverty incidence (PI):". Philippine Statistics Authority. Retrieved December 28, 2020.
- ^ "Estimation of Local Poverty in the Philippines" (PDF). Philippine Statistics Authority. November 29, 2005.
- ^ "2003 City and Municipal Level Poverty Estimates" (PDF). Philippine Statistics Authority. March 23, 2009.
- ^ "City and Municipal Level Poverty Estimates; 2006 and 2009" (PDF). Philippine Statistics Authority. August 3, 2012.
- ^ "2012 Municipal and City Level Poverty Estimates" (PDF). Philippine Statistics Authority. May 31, 2016.
- ^ "Municipal and City Level Small Area Poverty Estimates; 2009, 2012 and 2015". Philippine Statistics Authority. July 10, 2019.
- ^ "PSA Releases the 2018 Municipal and City Level Poverty Estimates". Philippine Statistics Authority. December 15, 2021. Retrieved January 22, 2022.
- ^ "PSA Releases the 2021 City and Municipal Level Poverty Estimates". Philippine Statistics Authority. April 2, 2024. Retrieved April 28, 2024.
- ^ "Halalan 2022 BALER, AURORA Election Results". ABS-CBN News. Retrieved September 22, 2024.
- ^ a b Galvez, Manny (July 2, 2010). "RP-Spain Friendship Day marked today in Baler". The Philippine Star. Retrieved February 21, 2018.
- ^ Quismundo, Tarra (July 5, 2016). "Filipino, Spanish officials mark Friendship Day in Baler, Aurora". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Retrieved February 21, 2018.
- ^ "Baler Campus | UP Manila School of Health Sciences". shs.upm.edu.ph. Retrieved May 11, 2024.
External links
[edit]
Places adjacent to Baler, Aurora | |
|---|---|
| International | |
|---|---|
| National | |
