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Maysville, Kentucky

Coordinates: 38°38′38″N 83°46′33″W / 38.64389°N 83.77583°W / 38.64389; -83.77583
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Not to be confused with Mayfield, Kentucky.

Maysville, Kentucky
City
Maysville skyline showing the Mason County courthouse and the Simon Kenton Memorial Bridge over the Ohio River
Maysville skyline showing the Mason County courthouse and the Simon Kenton Memorial Bridge over the Ohio River
Flag of Maysville, Kentucky
Flag
Location in Mason County, Kentucky
Location in Mason County, Kentucky
Coordinates: 38°38′38″N 83°46′33″W / 38.64389°N 83.77583°W / 38.64389; -83.77583
CountryUnited States
StateKentucky
CountyMason
Government
 • MayorDebra L Cotterill
Area
[1]
 • Total21.35 sq mi (55.30 km2)
 • Land18.97 sq mi (49.14 km2)
 • Water2.38 sq mi (6.16 km2)
Elevation
[2]
827 ft (252 m)
Population
 (2020)[3]
 • Total8,873
 • Estimate 
(2022)[4]
8,742
 • Density467.64/sq mi (180.56/km2)
Time zoneUTC−5 (Eastern (EST))
 • Summer (DST)UTC−4 (EDT)
ZIP Codes
41056, 41096
Area code606
FIPS code21-51024
GNIS feature ID2405043[2]
Websitewww.cityofmaysvilleky.gov

Maysville is a home rule-class city[5] in Mason County, Kentucky, United States, and is the seat of Mason County.[6] The population was 8,873 as of the 2020 census.[3] Maysville is on the Ohio River, 66 miles (106 km) northeast of Lexington. It is the principal city of the Maysville Micropolitan Statistical Area, which comprises Mason County. Two bridges cross the Ohio from Maysville to Aberdeen, Ohio: the Simon Kenton Memorial Bridge built in 1931 and the William H. Harsha Bridge built in 2001.

On the edge of the outer Bluegrass Region, Maysville is historically important in Kentucky's settlement. Frontiersmen Simon Kenton and Daniel Boone are among the city's founders. Later, Maysville became an important port on the Ohio River for the northeastern part of the state. It exported bourbon whiskey, hemp and tobacco, the latter two produced mainly by African American slaves before the Civil War.[citation needed] It was once a center of wrought iron manufacture, sending ironwork downriver to decorate the buildings of Cincinnati, Ohio, and New Orleans, Louisiana.[7] Other small manufacturers also located early in Maysville, and manufacturing remains an important part of the modern economy.[8] Under the leadership of Henry Means Walker, Maysville was home to one of the largest tobacco auction warehouses in the world for most of the 20th century.[9]

Maysville was an important stop on the Underground Railroad, as the free state of Ohio was just across the river.[10] Abolitionist author Harriet Beecher Stowe visited the area in 1833 and watched a slave auction in front of the court house in Washington, the original seat of the county and now a historic district of Maysville.[11] She included the scene in her influential novel Uncle Tom's Cabin, published in 1852.

History

[edit]
Buildings in the Washington Historic District

Early settlement

[edit]

Buffalo once forded the Ohio here, beating a broad path into the interior of Kentucky in search of salt licks. For thousands of years, various cultures of indigenous peoples inhabited the area, hunting the buffalo and other game. In the 17th century, the powerful Iroquois Confederacy, based in present-day New York state, drove out other tribes to hold the Ohio Valley as a hunting ground.

European-American settlers traveling down the Ohio in the 18th century and early 19th century found a natural harbor at Limestone Creek. The buffalo trace, also a well-used trail traveled for centuries by Native Americans, was a natural path into the bluegrass region, extending all the way to Lexington, Kentucky.[10][12] Frontiersman Simon Kenton made the first settlement in the area in 1775, but temporarily abandoned that to fight in the western battles of the American Revolution. Returning in 1784, Kenton built a blockhouse at the site of Maysville and founded Kenton's Station (frontier fort) at a site 3 miles (5 km) inland.[13][14] Kenton met new settlers at Limestone, as the landing place was called, and escorted them inland to his station. In 1786 the village which grew up near Kenton's Station was established by act of the Virginia General Assembly as the town of Washington.[15] By this time, John May had acquired the land at Limestone and Daniel Boone established a trading post and tavern there. In 1787 the little settlement was incorporated as Maysville, though the name "Limestone" persisted well into the 19th century.[16]

Growth

[edit]
View of Maysville, 1821

In 1788, when Mason County was organized and Washington was named its county seat, Maysville was still a primitive site of warehouses and wharves, with few dwellings. In 1795, the conclusion of the Northwest Indian War reduced the likelihood of Indian attacks from across the Ohio. Maysville began to flourish.[11] Zane's Trace, a road from Wheeling, Virginia (now West Virginia), to the bank of the Ohio River opposite Maysville, was completed in 1797 and stimulated ferry traffic across the river.[17] By 1807, Maysville was one of two principal ports in Kentucky; it was still mostly a place through which goods and people passed, having only about sixty dwellings.[18] In 1811, the first steamboat came down the Ohio from Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, passing Maysville on its way to New Orleans.[19] With the coming of the steamboat, Maysville's population and area expanded rapidly.[8]

Maysville Road

[edit]
See also: Maysville Road veto

Southwest from Maysville, the road followed the former buffalo trace and Native American trail to Lexington. It was called both the Maysville Road and the Limestone Road. It was maintained by the various counties through which it passed with local labor from the county levies.[20] The road was rough and during certain seasons practically impassable.

In 1829, the Kentucky legislature authorized the Maysville, Washington, Paris, and Lexington Turnpike Road Company to construct a modern roadway along the route of the old Limestone Road. Users would be charged fees for maintenance and paying off the debt to shareholders. The act set aside blocks of shares for purchase by the federal government. Henry Clay, an influential Kentucky politician and proponent of the American System, argued for the Maysville Road and other infrastructure, noting it would be part of a longer road terminating in New Orleans, Louisiana, and proper for federal funding.[21]

In 1830, Congress passed a bill authorizing the federal government to purchase shares in the turnpike company. President Andrew Jackson, a bitter rival of Clay, vetoed the bill, arguing that the project was of purely local benefit.[22] The Maysville Road veto was one of Jackson's first acts in aligning the federal government with his principles of Jacksonian democracy.[23]

An attempt to override Jackson's veto failed, but the controversy over the Maysville Road veto continued for some time. The turnpike was completed in 1835 with funding from local entities and private investment. It was the first macadamized road in the state.[24] Today it is U.S. Route 68.[11]

County seat

[edit]

By the 1830s, Maysville had a population of 3,000 and was the second-most important commercial city in Kentucky after Louisville.[25] Washington, the county seat, had dwindled in importance after a fire in 1825 and a series of deadly cholera epidemics.[15][26] A proposal to move the county government from Washington to Maysville was bitterly fought but passed by a slender margin in 1848. Maysville donated its city hall, completed in 1846, to the county for a court house.[8][27] Today, much of Washington is designated as a historic district, the Washington Historic District; it is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.[28]

In 1850, the Maysville & Lexington Railroad began operation, but it failed within the decade. Successor companies maintained the connection until 1921 when they were bought out by the L&N. Today, the Maysville & Lexington's former routes and rights-of-way are owned by CSX Transportation.

Landmarks

[edit]

Simon Kenton Memorial Bridge

[edit]
Simon Kenton Memorial Bridge

The Simon Kenton Memorial Bridge is a suspension bridge built in 1931 crossing the Ohio River and originally opened with a toll. Those tolls were removed in 1945 to much fanfare - including celebrations from the local Rotary and Lions club, and a parade in downtown Maysville. Its main span is 323 meters (1,060 feet) long, and the total length of the bridge is 607 meters (1,991 feet). It connects Maysville with Aberdeen, Ohio. It is currently in use and is not slated for demolition, as the bridge was closed for refurbishment in 2001 after the William H. Harsha Bridge was completed.

The Simon Kenton Suspension Bridge opened to traffic at 10:30 AM on November 25, 1931, at a cost of $1.6 million (~$25.8 million in 2023).[29] In 2002, a $5.8 million renovation job replaced the deck of the Ohio River crossing. A fresh coat of battleship gray paint was also applied.[30]

Russell Theatre

[edit]
Russell Theater

The Russell Theatre, located on Third Street in Maysville, was the site of the world premiere of Rosemary Clooney's first film, The Stars Are Singing, in 1953.[31] The Russell Theatre is an atmospheric theatre, and featured a large rainbow that would light up before and after the showing of each movie. The theatre is now undergoing the second phase of a restoration project that began in 2008. Organizers plan to revive the Russell as a movie and film venue, with emphasis on themed movie marathons, classics, documentaries, art films and other movies not available at mainstream cinemas.[32]

Maysville Murals

[edit]
Native American bison hunt mural

In the summer of 1998, a series of historical murals was begun on the downtown floodwall.[33] Over the next ten years, Robert Dafford and his team painted ten murals exploring the history of Maysville on various sections of the floodwall.[34]

  • 17th century River Valley Hunting Grounds – A Native American bison hunt on the buffalo trace.
  • 18th century Limestone Landing – The initial settlement of European-Americans on the future site of Maysville, then known as Limestone Landing.
  • Marquis de Lafayette – The 1825 visit of the Marquis de Lafayette to the city, where the city fathers had literally rolled out the red carpet.
  • 1850s Sutton's Landing – The antebellum-era Maysville riverfront, featuring iconic steam boats on the Ohio River.
  • Underground Railroad 1850s – The Underground Railroad route through the area before the American Civil War, with a view looking across the river to the John Rankin House in Ripley, Ohio.
  • 20th century Maysville Riverfront – The continuing evolution of the waterfront location as steamboats gave way to trains and barge traffic.
  • Market Street – A main street in early 20th century downtown, with a bandstand in the middle of the street.
  • Germantown Fair – Held since 1854, the fair featured a wooden grandstand and livestock shows.
  • Tobacco barn – A major part of the local agricultural economy, the mural depicts the life of the plant from the field to the harvest to storage in local barns.
  • Rosemary Clooney – The last mural, painted in September 2007, honors moments from the life of Rosemary Clooney. The mural highlights her lifelong friendship with Blanche Chambers,[35] the 1953 premier of The Stars are Singing and her singing career. It was painted by Dafford, Herb Roe and Brett Chigoy.[34] Her brother Nick Clooney spoke during the dedication for the mural, explaining various images to the crowd.[36]

Demographics

[edit]
Historical population
CensusPop.Note%±
1800137—
1810335144.5%
18302,040—
18402,74134.4%
18503,84040.1%
18603,499−8.9%
18704,70534.5%
18805,22010.9%
18905,3582.6%
19006,42319.9%
19106,141−4.4%
19206,107−0.6%
19306,5577.4%
19406,5720.2%
19508,63231.3%
19608,484−1.7%
19707,411−12.6%
19807,9837.7%
19907,169−10.2%
20008,99325.4%
20109,0110.2%
20208,873−1.5%
2022 (est.)8,742[37]−1.5%
U.S. Decennial Census[38]

As of the census[39] of 2000, there were 7,323 people, 3,856 households, and 2,406 families residing in the city. The population density was 451.6 inhabitants per square mile (174.4/km2). There were 4,416 housing units at an average density of 221.8 per square mile (85.6/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 86.00% White, 11.54% African American, 0.14% Native American, 0.60% Asian, 0.03% Pacific Islander, 0.50% from other races, and 1.18% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.86% of the population. There were 3,856 households, out of which 27.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 45.5% were married couples living together, 14.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 37.6% were non-families. 33.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 16.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.25 and the average family size was 2.85. In the city, the population was spread out, with 22.7% under the age of 18, 8.1% from 18 to 24, 26.6% from 25 to 44, 23.5% from 45 to 64, and 19.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females, there were 85.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 80.7 males. The median income for a household in the city was $27,813, and the median income for a family was $37,684. Males had a median income of $31,975 versus $20,775 for females. The per capita income for the city was $16,836. About 14.4% of families and 18.9% of the population were below the poverty line, including 27.1% of those under age 18 and 16.2% of those age 65 or over.

Geography

[edit]

Maysville is located on the Ohio River at the mouth of Limestone Creek. It occupies the narrow river plain and the steep hills rising from it, giving the city the prospect of an Italian hill town.[27] The city now extends inland to the former town of Washington, which was annexed by Maysville in 1990.[26] The city has a total area of 21.35 square miles (55.3 km2), of which 18.97 square miles (49.1 km2) are land and 2.38 square miles (6.2 km2), or 11.13%, are water.[1] Maysville is at Ohio River mile marker 408.7, and is 100 miles (160 km) downriver from Huntington, West Virginia, and 62 miles (100 km) upriver from Cincinnati, Ohio.[40][41]

Climate

[edit]

Maysville lies on the border of the Humid subtropical and the Hot Summer Continental climate zones. Maysville's average yearly precipitation is 46.02", falling primarily as rain or snow. Maysville's average yearly temperature is 54.4 °F, with the coolest lows averaging 22.2 °F in January, and highs averaging 87 °F in July.[42]

Climate data for Maysville, Kentucky (Maysville Wastewater Treatment Plant) (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1896–present)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °F (°C) 80
(27) 		79
(26) 		89
(32) 		94
(34) 		100
(38) 		105
(41) 		108
(42) 		105
(41) 		103
(39) 		95
(35) 		84
(29) 		78
(26) 		108
(42)
Mean maximum °F (°C) 64.0
(17.8) 		67.4
(19.7) 		75.0
(23.9) 		82.4
(28.0) 		87.4
(30.8) 		92.6
(33.7) 		94.6
(34.8) 		93.8
(34.3) 		92.0
(33.3) 		84.0
(28.9) 		73.8
(23.2) 		65.3
(18.5) 		96.0
(35.6)
Mean daily maximum °F (°C) 41.2
(5.1) 		45.1
(7.3) 		54.6
(12.6) 		66.8
(19.3) 		75.4
(24.1) 		83.4
(28.6) 		86.8
(30.4) 		86.0
(30.0) 		80.7
(27.1) 		68.8
(20.4) 		55.9
(13.3) 		45.3
(7.4) 		65.8
(18.8)
Daily mean °F (°C) 32.0
(0.0) 		34.8
(1.6) 		43.0
(6.1) 		53.7
(12.1) 		63.4
(17.4) 		72.0
(22.2) 		75.9
(24.4) 		74.8
(23.8) 		68.7
(20.4) 		56.9
(13.8) 		44.8
(7.1) 		36.5
(2.5) 		54.7
(12.6)
Mean daily minimum °F (°C) 22.8
(−5.1) 		24.4
(−4.2) 		31.3
(−0.4) 		40.7
(4.8) 		51.4
(10.8) 		60.6
(15.9) 		65.1
(18.4) 		63.6
(17.6) 		56.7
(13.7) 		44.9
(7.2) 		33.8
(1.0) 		27.7
(−2.4) 		43.6
(6.4)
Mean minimum °F (°C) 4.3
(−15.4) 		8.0
(−13.3) 		17.9
(−7.8) 		26.2
(−3.2) 		38.0
(3.3) 		48.7
(9.3) 		56.0
(13.3) 		54.4
(12.4) 		43.9
(6.6) 		32.3
(0.2) 		20.6
(−6.3) 		12.9
(−10.6) 		1.0
(−17.2)
Record low °F (°C) −25
(−32) 		−22
(−30) 		0
(−18) 		11
(−12) 		27
(−3) 		37
(3) 		46
(8) 		39
(4) 		29
(−2) 		15
(−9) 		−1
(−18) 		−20
(−29) 		−25
(−32)
Average precipitation inches (mm) 3.64
(92) 		3.40
(86) 		4.74
(120) 		4.66
(118) 		5.05
(128) 		4.35
(110) 		5.04
(128) 		3.36
(85) 		3.52
(89) 		3.27
(83) 		3.19
(81) 		4.10
(104) 		48.32
(1,227)
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.01 in) 12.4 10.6 12.3 12.9 14.0 11.5 9.8 8.4 8.0 8.8 10.5 12.1 131.3
Source: NOAA[43][44]

Education

[edit]

Mason County Schools operates public schools.

Schools:

  • Mason County High School
  • Mason County Middle School
  • Mason County Intermediate School
  • Straub Elementary School

Private:

  • Saint Patrick School (Private School)

In 1990 the Maysville Independent School District merged into the Mason County school district.[45]

Maysville has a lending library, the Mason County Public Library.[46]

Media

[edit]

The Ledger Independent is the local newspaper and is published five days a week. WFTM-AM and WFTM-FM are the primary local radio stations in Maysville. The AM station is a CBS Sports Radio affiliate,[47] and the FM plays adult contemporary music.

The annual Rosemary Clooney Music Festival was founded by the singer in 1999 to benefit the restoration of the Russell Theatre.[48] Past performers at the festival include Debby Boone, Rita Coolidge, Michael Feinstein, Roberta Flack, Alison Krauss, The Pointer Sisters, Michael Bolton, and Linda Ronstadt.[49]

Transportation

[edit]
The KY 9/KY 10 intersection with U.S. 62 & U.S. 68 in Maysville

Rail transportation

[edit]
See also: Maysville (Amtrak station)

Amtrak, the national passenger rail system, provides service to Maysville with the thrice-weekly Cardinal.

Mass transit

[edit]

Maysville City Transit provides fixed-route and demand-ride bus service throughout city of Maysville. The system is made up of a single fixed route that operates daily, running once an hour from 6:00 AM – 6:00 PM.[50] The city has been running the system since 1960.[51]

Highways

[edit]

The following highways serve Maysville:

US 62 and 68 also provide Maysville with a direct route to Lexington and the Bluegrass Region of Central Kentucky.

Other highways serving Maysville are:

Routes 9 and 10 run concurrently through the south edge of Maysville as the AA Highway. The AA Highway links the Kentucky suburbs of Cincinnati approximately 50 miles west of Maysville with Vanceburg, Ashland and Interstate 64 near Grayson to the southeast.

The fact that highways numbered 8, 9, 10, and 11 serve Maysville makes the city one of the few towns located at the intersection of four consecutively numbered highways.

Notable people

[edit]

See also

[edit]

Citations and notes

[edit]
  1. ^ a b "2022 U.S. Gazetteer Files: Kentucky". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved May 5, 2023.
  2. ^ a b U.S. Geological Survey Geographic Names Information System: Maysville, Kentucky
  3. ^ a b "P1. Race – Maysville city, Kentucky: 2020 DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171)". U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved May 5, 2023.
  4. ^ "Annual Estimates of the Resident Population for Incorporated Places in Kentucky: April 1, 2020 to July 1, 2022". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved May 26, 2023.
  5. ^ "Summary and Reference Guide to House Bill 331 City Classification Reform" (PDF). Kentucky League of Cities. Retrieved December 30, 2014.
  6. ^ "Find a County". National Association of Counties. Archived from the original on May 31, 2011. Retrieved June 7, 2011.
  7. ^ Elliott and Elliott (1999).
  8. ^ a b c Calvert (1992)
  9. ^ Toncray (2007).
  10. ^ a b Leocha
  11. ^ a b c Rodgers (1986).
  12. ^ Wilson (1909), p 443.
  13. ^ Wilson, p 443.
  14. ^ Howe, p. 21. The old Maysville High School building (converted to apartments in 1999) occupies the site of Kenton's 1784 blockhouse.
  15. ^ a b Best (1936).
  16. ^ Rennick
  17. ^ Zane's Trace, Ohio History Central.
  18. ^ Verhoeff (1917).
  19. ^ Steamboats, Ohio History Central.
  20. ^ Wilson, p. 444. Road taxes were generally paid in labor.
  21. ^ Wilson, pp. 452-3.
  22. ^ Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Maysville" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 17 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 939.
  23. ^ "Andrew Jackson, American President" - An Online Reference Resource
  24. ^ Wilson, p. 454.
  25. ^ Atwater, Caleb. The Writings of Caleb Atwater. 1833. Accessed 25 July 2013.
  26. ^ a b Reis (2000).
  27. ^ a b Simon (1996).
  28. ^ "National Register Information System". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service. April 15, 2008.
  29. ^ Reis, Jim. "Maysville's bridge to Ohio twice cause for celebration." Kentucky Post July 28, 1997. November 26. 2007.
  30. ^ Cho, Aileen. "Contractor Speeds Deck Replacement Across the Ohio." Engineering News-Record November 17, 2003.
  31. ^ "The Rosemary Clooney Palladium - The Greatest Female Singer of the 20th Century".
  32. ^ The Russell Theatre – Follow the Progress[permanent dead link]
  33. ^ "Maysville Floodwall Mural Project". Archived from the original on February 28, 2010. Retrieved March 28, 2010.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  34. ^ a b "Rosemary Clooney Mural - Maysville, KY". Retrieved March 23, 2010.
  35. ^ Michael Arthur (January 11, 2009). "Blanche Chambers dies at 84; was close friend of Rosemary Clooney". The Ledger Independent. Archived from the original on February 1, 2012. Retrieved March 31, 2010.
  36. ^ Misty Maynard (September 30, 2007). "The Pointer Sisters make excitement in Maysville". The Ledger Independent. Archived from the original on January 15, 2016. Retrieved March 31, 2010.
  37. ^ "Annual Estimates of the Resident Population for Incorporated Places in Kentucky: April 1, 2020 to July 1, 2022". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved May 26, 2023.
  38. ^ "Census of Population and Housing". Census.gov. Retrieved June 4, 2015.
  39. ^ "U.S. Census website". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved January 31, 2008.
  40. ^ Berty, Béla K., The Flatboat Project 2003-2005 Archived 2008-02-08 at the Wayback Machine, February 10, 2003. PioneerAdventures@groups.msn.com. Retrieved January 1, 2008. Source for Maysville and Huntington mile markers.
  41. ^ Wang, Xinhao, et al. Development of a Flood Warning Information System Archived 2008-02-08 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved January 1, 2008, Source for Cincinnati mile marker.
  42. ^ "Normals Monthly Station Details". NOAA. Retrieved February 11, 2014.
  43. ^ "NOWData – NOAA Online Weather Data". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved November 15, 2023.
  44. ^ "Summary of Monthly Normals 1991–2020". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved November 15, 2023.
  45. ^ Ellis, Ronnie (January 15, 2007). "The ups and downs of merging school districts". Richmond Register. Retrieved May 21, 2018.
  46. ^ "Kentucky Public Library Directory". Kentucky Department for Libraries and Archives. Archived from the original on January 11, 2019. Retrieved June 7, 2019.
  47. ^ wftm.com
  48. ^ CNN. "Rosemary Clooney to help rescue ailing theater".
  49. ^ "The Rosemary Clooney Palladium".
  50. ^ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original on July 8, 2011. Retrieved August 3, 2010.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  51. ^ "Maysville Transit". Archived from the original on August 18, 2010. Retrieved August 3, 2010.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  52. ^ Gerth, Joseph (September 22, 2013). "Ky. Senate candidate's dad brings connections, baggage". USA Today. The Courier-Journal. Retrieved November 13, 2014.
  53. ^ "PHISTER, Elijah Conner, (1822 - 1887)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved December 21, 2012.
  54. ^ Exhibition of the Work of Negro Artists presented by the Harmon Foundation at the Art Center, February 16–28, 1931. Harmon Foundation at the Art Center. 1931. p. 46.
  55. ^ "Mary Lee Tate, Ohio Deaths, 1908-1953". FamilySearch.org. Genealogical Society of Utah. July 18, 1939.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: others (link)
  56. ^ "Dave Tomlin Stats". Baseball Almanac. Retrieved December 21, 2012.
  57. ^ "WADSWORTH, William Henry, (1821 - 1893)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved December 21, 2012.
  58. ^ Illinois Blue Book of 1899, "Biographical Sketch of Walter Warder", pg. 9
  59. ^ Shellum, Brian (January 2006). Black Cadet in a White Bastion. ISBN 0803293151.

References

[edit]
  • Wilson, Samuel M. (1909). "The Old Maysville Road". Ohio Archaeological and Historical Quarterly. 18 (4). Columbus: Ohio Historical Society: 442–444, 452–454. Archived from the original on February 8, 2008. Retrieved December 28, 2007.
  • "Zane's Trace". Ohio History Central. Ohio Historical Society. July 1, 2005. Retrieved January 2, 2008.
[edit]
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