Names of the days of the week
In many languages, the names given to the seven days of the week are derived from the names of the classical planets in Hellenistic astronomy, which were in turn named after contemporary deities, a system introduced by the Sumerians and later adopted by the Babylonians from whom the Roman Empire adopted the system during late antiquity.[1] In some other languages, the days are named after corresponding deities of the regional culture, beginning either with Sunday or with Monday. The seven-day week was adopted in early Christianity from the Hebrew calendar, and gradually replaced the Roman internundinum.[citation needed]
Sunday remained the first day of the week, being considered the day of the sun god Sol Invictus and the Lord's Day, while the Jewish Sabbath remained the seventh. The Babylonians invented the actual[clarification needed] seven-day week in 600 BCE, with Emperor Constantine making the Day of the Sun (dies Solis, "Sunday") a legal holiday centuries later.[2]
In the international standard ISO 8601, Monday is treated as the first day of the week, but in many countries it is counted as the second day of the week.
Days named after planets
[edit]Greco-Roman tradition
[edit]Between the first and third centuries CE, the Roman Empire gradually replaced the eight-day Roman nundinal cycle with the seven-day week. The earliest evidence for this new system is a Pompeiian graffito referring to 6 February (ante diem viii idus Februarias) of the year 60 CE as dies solis ("Sunday").[3] Another early witness is a reference to a lost treatise by Plutarch, written in about 100 CE, which addressed the question of: "Why are the days named after the planets reckoned in a different order from the 'actual' order?"[4] The treatise is lost, but the answer to the question is known; see planetary hours.[citation needed]
The Ptolemaic system of planetary spheres asserts that the order of the heavenly bodies from the farthest to the closest to the Earth is Saturn, Jupiter, Mars, Sun, Venus, Mercury, and the Moon; objectively, the planets are ordered from slowest to fastest moving as they appear in the night sky.[5]
The days were named after the classical planets of Hellenistic astrology, in the order: Sun (Helios), Moon (Selene), Mars (Ares), Mercury (Hermes), Jupiter (Zeus), Venus (Aphrodite), and Saturn (Cronus).[6]
The seven-day week spread throughout the Roman Empire in late antiquity. By the fourth century CE, it was in wide use throughout the Empire. [citation needed]
The Greek and Latin names are as follows:
Day: (see Irregularities) |
Sunday Sōl or Helios (Sun) |
Monday Luna or Selene (Moon) |
Tuesday Mars or Ares (Mars) |
Wednesday Mercurius or Hermes (Mercury) |
Thursday Jove or Zeus (Jupiter) |
Friday Venus or Aphrodite (Venus) |
Saturday Saturnus or Cronus (Saturn) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Greek[7] | ἡμέρα Ἡλίου hēméra Hēlíou |
ἡμέρα Σελήνης hēméra Selḗnēs |
ἡμέρα Ἄρεως hēméra Áreōs |
ἡμέρα Ἑρμοῦ hēméra Hermoû |
ἡμέρα Διός hēméra Diós |
ἡμέρα Ἀφροδίτης hēméra Aphrodítēs |
ἡμέρα Κρόνου hēméra Krónou |
Latin | diēs Sōlis | diēs Lūnae | diēs Mārtis | diēs Mercuriī | diēs Iovis | diēs Veneris | diēs Sāturnī |
Romance languages
[edit]Except for in Portuguese and Mirandese, the Romance languages preserved the Latin names, except for the names of Sunday, which was replaced by [dies] Dominicus (Dominica), that is, "the Lord's Day", and of Saturday, which was named for the Jewish Sabbath. Mirandese and Portuguese use numbered weekdays, but retain sábado and demingo/domingo for weekends.[8] Meanwhile, Galician occasionally uses them alongside the traditional Latin-derived names, albeit to a lesser extent (see below).
Celtic languages
[edit]Early Old Irish adopted the names from Latin, but introduced separate terms of Norse origin for Wednesday, Thursday and Friday, then later supplanted these with terms relating to church fasting practices.
Albanian language
[edit]Albanian adopted the Latin terms for Tuesday, Wednesday and Saturday, translated the Latin terms for Sunday and Monday using the native names of Diell and Hënë, respectively, and replaced the Latin terms for Thursday and Friday with the equivalent native deity names Enji and Prende, respectively.[18]
Adoptions from Romance
[edit]Other languages adopted the week together with the Latin (Romance) names for the days of the week in the colonial period. Several constructed languages also adopted the Latin terminology.
Day: (see Irregularities) |
Sunday Sōl (Sun) |
Monday Luna (Moon) |
Tuesday Mars (Mars) |
Wednesday Mercurius (Mercury) |
Thursday Iuppiter (Jupiter) |
Friday Venus (Venus) |
Saturday Saturnus (Saturn) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Filipino | Linggó [☉1] | Lunes | Martes | Miyerkoles | Huwebes or colloquially Webes | Biyernes | Sabado [♄1] |
Chamorro | Damenggo | Lunes | Mattes | Metkoles | Huebes | Betnes | Sabalu |
Māori[19] | Rā Tapu [not celestially named] (rā + tapu = "holy day") | Rāhina (rā + Māhina = day + Moon) | Rātū (rā + Tūmatauenga = day + Mars) | Rāapa (rā + Apārangi = day + Mercury) | Rāpare (rā + Pareārau = day + Jupiter) | Rāmere (rā + Mere = day + Venus) | [Rā Horoi] [not celestially named] (rā + horoi = "washing day") |
Uropi | Soldia | Lundia | Mardia | Mididia | Zusdia | Wendia | Sabadia |
Universalglot | diodai | lundai | mardai | erdai | jovdai | vendai | samdai |
Neo | Domin(ko) | Lundo | Tud | Mirko | Jov | Venso | Sab |
Idiom Neutral | soldi | lundi | marsdi | merkurdi | yovdi | vendrdi | saturndi |
Reform-Neutral | soldí | lundí | marsdí | mercurdí | jovdí | vendredí | saturndí |
ApI Interlingua | sol-die | luna-die | marte-die | mercurio-die | jove-die | venere-die | sabbato, saturno-die |
Interlingua | dominica [☉1] | lunedi | martedi | mercuridi | jovedi | venerdi | sabbato [♄1] |
Interlingue | soledí | lunedí | mardí | mercurdí | jovedí | venerdí | saturdí |
Lingua Franca Nova | soldi | lundi | martedi | mercurdi | jovedi | venerdi | saturdi |
Mondial | soldi | lundi | mardi | mierdi | jodi | vendi | samdi |
INTAL | sundi | lundi | mardi | merkurdi | jodi | venerdi | saturdi |
Novial | sundie | lundie | mardie | mercurdie, merkurdie (older) | jodie | venerdie | saturdie |
Romániço | Domínico | Lun-dio | Marti-dio | Mercurii-dio | Jov-dio | Véner-dio | Sábato |
Ido | sundio | lundio | mardio | merkurdio | jovdio | venerdio | saturdio |
Esperanto | dimanĉo [☉1] | lundo | mardo | merkredo | ĵaŭdo | vendredo | sabato [♄1] |
With the exception of sabato, the Esperanto names are all from French, cf. French dimanche, lundi, mardi, mercredi, jeudi, vendredi.
Germanic tradition
[edit]The Germanic peoples adapted the system introduced by the Romans by substituting the Germanic deities for the Roman ones (with the exception of Saturday) in a process known as interpretatio germanica. The date of the introduction of this system is not known exactly, but it must have happened later than 100 AD but before the introduction of Christianity during the 6th to 7th centuries, i.e., during the final phase or soon after the collapse of the Western Roman Empire.[20] This period is later than the Common Germanic stage, but still during the phase of undifferentiated West Germanic. The names of the days of the week in North Germanic languages were not calqued from Latin directly, but taken from the West Germanic names.
- Sunday: Old English Sunnandæg (
pronounced [ˈsunnɑndæj]), meaning "sun's day". This is a translation of the Latin phrase diēs Sōlis. English, like most of the Germanic languages, preserves the day's association with the sun. Many other European languages, including all of the Romance languages, have changed its name to the equivalent of "the Lord's day" (based on Ecclesiastical Latin dies Dominica). In both West Germanic and North Germanic mythology, the Sun is personified as Sunna/Sól.This template is being discussed in accordance with Wikipedia's deletion policy. Help reach a consensus at its entry.
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~~~~ on their talk page(s).- Monday: Old English Mōnandæg (
pronounced [ˈmoːnɑndæj]), meaning "Moon's day". This is equivalent to the Latin name diēs Lūnae. In North Germanic mythology, the Moon is personified as Máni.This template is being discussed in accordance with Wikipedia's deletion policy. Help reach a consensus at its entry.
Maintenance use only:
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2. Please consider notifying the author(s) by placing{{TfD notice|Names of the days of the week}}
~~~~ on their talk page(s).- Tuesday: Old English Tīwesdæg (
pronounced [ˈtiːwezdæj]), meaning "Tiw's day". Tiw (Norse Týr) was a one-handed god associated with single combat and pledges in Norse mythology and also attested prominently in wider Germanic paganism. The name of the day is also related to the Latin name diēs Mārtis, "Day of Mars" (the Roman god of war).This template is being discussed in accordance with Wikipedia's deletion policy. Help reach a consensus at its entry.
Maintenance use only:
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~~~~ on their talk page(s).- Wednesday: Old English Wōdnesdæg (
pronounced [ˈwoːdnezdæj]) meaning the day of the Germanic god Woden (known as Óðinn among the North Germanic peoples), and a prominent god of the Anglo-Saxons (and other Germanic peoples) in England until about the seventh century. This corresponds to the Latin counterpart diēs Mercuriī, "Day of Mercury", as both are deities of magic and knowledge. The German Mittwoch, the Low German Middeweek, the miðviku- in Icelandic miðvikudagur and the Finnish keskiviikko all mean "mid-week".This template is being discussed in accordance with Wikipedia's deletion policy. Help reach a consensus at its entry.
Maintenance use only:
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2. Please consider notifying the author(s) by placing{{TfD notice|Names of the days of the week}}
~~~~ on their talk page(s).- Thursday: Old English Þūnresdæg (
pronounced [ˈθuːnrezdæj]), meaning 'Þunor's day'. Þunor means thunder or its personification, the Norse god known in Modern English as Thor. Similarly Dutch donderdag, German Donnerstag ('thunder's day'), Finnish torstai, and Scandinavian torsdag ('Thor's day'). "Thor's day" corresponds to Latin diēs Iovis, "day of Jupiter" (the Roman god of thunder).This template is being discussed in accordance with Wikipedia's deletion policy. Help reach a consensus at its entry.
Maintenance use only:
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~~~~ on their talk page(s).- Friday: Old English Frīgedæg (
pronounced [ˈfriːjedæj]), meaning the day of the Anglo-Saxon goddess Frīg. The Norse name for the planet Venus was Friggjarstjarna, 'Frigg's star'.[21] It is based on the Latin diēs Veneris, "Day of Venus".This template is being discussed in accordance with Wikipedia's deletion policy. Help reach a consensus at its entry.
Maintenance use only:
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~~~~ on their talk page(s).- Saturday: named after the Roman god Saturn associated with the Titan Cronus, father of Zeus and many Olympians. Its original Anglo-Saxon rendering was Sæturnesdæg (
pronounced [ˈsæturnezdæj]). In Latin, it was diēs Sāturnī, "Day of Saturn". The Nordic laugardagur, leygardagur, laurdag, etc. deviate significantly as they have no reference to either the Norse or the Roman pantheon; they derive from Old Nordic laugardagr, literally "washing-day". The German Sonnabend (mainly used in northern and eastern Germany) and the Low German Sünnavend mean "Sunday Eve"; the German word Samstag derives from the name for Shabbat.This template is being discussed in accordance with Wikipedia's deletion policy. Help reach a consensus at its entry.
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~~~~ on their talk page(s).Day:
(see Irregularities)Sunday
Sunna/SólMonday
Mona/MániTuesday
Tiw/TyrWednesday
Woden/OdinThursday
Thunor/ThorFriday
Frige or FreyaSaturday
SaturnOld English Sunnandæg Mōnandæg Tīwesdæg Wōdnesdæg Þunresdæg Frīgedæg Sæternesdæg Old Saxon Sunnundag *Mānundag *Tiuwesdag *Thingesdag[♂1] Wōdanesdag *Thunaresdag Frīadag *Sunnunāƀand,[♄3] *Satarnesdag Old High German Sunnûntag Mânetag Zîestag Wuotanestag Donarestag Frîjatag Sunnûnâband,[♄3] Sambaztag[♄1] Middle Low German Sunnedag Manedag Dingesdag [♂1] Wodenesdag Donersdag Vrīdag Sunnenavend,[♄3] Satersdag German Sonntag Montag Dienstag,[♂1] Ziestag (Alemannic German) Mittwoch[☿1] (older Wutenstag) Donnerstag Freitag Samstag,[♄1] Sonnabend,[♄3] (in parts of Eastern Germany) Yiddish Zuntik – זונטיק Montik – מאנטיק Dinstik – דינסטיק[♂1] Mitvokh – מיטוואך[☿1] Donershtik – דאנערשטיק Fraytik – פרײַטיק Shabbes – שבת[♄1] Luxembourgish Sonndeg Méindeg Dënschdeg[♂1] Mëttwoch[☿1] Donneschdeg Freideg Samschdeg[♄1] Scots Saubath,[♄1] Sunday Monanday Tysday Wadensday Fuirsday Friday Seturday Dutch zondag maandag dinsdag[♂1] woensdag donderdag vrijdag zaterdag Afrikaans Sondag Maandag Dinsdag[♂1] Woensdag Donderdag Vrydag Saterdag Low German Sünndag Maandag Dingsdag[♂1] Middeweek,[☿1] Goonsdag (rarely Woonsdag) Dünnerdag Freedag Sünnavend,[♄3] Saterdag West Frisian snein moandei tiisdei woansdei tongersdei freed sneon,[♄3] saterdei Saterland Frisian Sundai Moundai Täisdai Middewíek Tuunsdai Fräindai Snäivende, Sneeuwende Heligoland
North FrisianSendai Mundai Taisdai Meddeweeken Tünnersdai Fraidai Senin Amrum/Föhr
North Frisiansöndai mundai teisdai wäärnsdei (Amrum), weedensdai (Föhr) süürsdai (Amrum), tüürsdai (Föhr) freidai söninj-er, saninj-er Sylt North Frisian Sendai Mondai Tiisdai Winjsdai Türsdai Friidai Seninj-en Wiedingharde
North Frisiansändäi mundäi, moondai tee(s)däi-e wjinsdäi tördäi-e, türdai-e fraidäi sänjin-e Mooring North Frisian saandi moundi täisdi weensdi törsdi fraidi saneene Karrharde
North Frisiansandäi moundäi täi(er)sdäi weene(s)dai, weensdai tönersdäi fräidäi saneene Northern Goesharde North Frisian saandi (Ockholm), sandi (Langenhorn) moondi (Ockholm), moundi (Langenhorn) teesdi (Ockholm), täisdi (Langenhorn) weensdi (Ockholm), winsdi (Langenhorn) tünersdi fraidi saneene Halligen North Frisian sondii mööndii taisdii maaderwich tonersdii fraidii soneene Icelandic sunnudagur mánudagur þriðjudagur[♂3] miðvikudagur[☿1] fimmtudagur[♃3] föstudagur[♀1] laugardagur[♄2] Old Norse sunnudagr mánadagr tysdagr óðinsdagr þórsdagr frjádagr laugardagr,[♄2] sunnunótt[♄3] Faroese sunnudagur mánadagur týsdagur mikudagur,[☿1] ónsdagur (Suðuroy) hósdagur, tórsdagur (Suðuroy) fríggjadagur leygardagur[♄2] Nynorsk Norwegian sundag/søndag måndag tysdag onsdag torsdag fredag laurdag[♄2] Bokmål Norwegian søndag mandag tirsdag onsdag torsdag fredag lørdag[♄2] Danish søndag mandag tirsdag onsdag torsdag fredag lørdag[♄2] Swedish söndag måndag tisdag onsdag torsdag fredag lördag[♄2] Elfdalian sunndag mondag tisdag ųosdag tųosdag frjådag lovdag Adoptions from Germanic
[edit]Day
(see Irregularities)Sunday
Sunna/SólMonday
Mona/MániTuesday
Tiw/TyrWednesday
Woden/OdinThursday
Thunor/ThorFriday
Frige or FreyaSaturday
SaturnFinnish sunnuntai maanantai tiistai keskiviikko[☿1] torstai perjantai lauantai[♄2] Meänkieli pyhä(päivä), sunnuntai maanantai tiistai keskiviikko tuorestai perjantai lau(v)antai Kven pyhä, sunnuntai maanantai tiistai keskiviikko tuorestai perjantai lauvantai Southern Sami aejlege måanta dæjsta gaskevåhkoe duarsta bearjadahke laav(v)adahke Ume Sami ájliege mánnuodahkka dïjstahkka gasskavahkkuo duarastahkka bierjiedahkka lávvuodahkka Pite Sami ájlek mánnodak dijstak gasskavahko duorasdak bärrjedak lávvodak Lule Sami sådnåbiejvve, ájllek mánnodahka dijstahka gasskavahkko duorastahka bierjjedahka lávvodahka Northern Sami sotnabeaivi vuossárga, mánnodat maŋŋebárga, disdat gaskavahkku duorastat bearjadat lávvardat, lávvordat Inari Sami pasepeivi vuossargâ majebargâ koskokko tuorâstâh, turâstâh vástuppeivi lávárdâh, lávurdâh Skolt Sami
(for comparison)pâʹsspeiʹvv vuõssargg mââibargg seärad neljdpeiʹvv piâtnâc, väʹšnnpeiʹvv, västtpeiʹvv sueʹvet Māori
(transliteration; translation)Wiki;[☉8] Rātapu Mane; Rāhina Tūrei; Rātū Wenerei; Rāapa Tāite; Rāpare Paraire; Rāmere Hāterei; Rāhoroi Volapük sudel mudel tudel vedel dödel fridel zädel Hindu tradition
[edit]Hindu astrology uses the concept of days under the regency of a planet[clarification needed] under the term vāsara/vāra, the days of the week being called sūrya-/ravi-, chandra-/soma-, maṅgala-, budha-, guru-/bṛhaspati-, śukra-, and śani-vāsara. śukrá is a name of Venus (regarded as a son of Bhṛgu); guru is here a title of Bṛhaspati, and hence of Jupiter; budha "Mercury" is regarded as a son of Soma, that is, the Moon.[22] Knowledge of Greek astrology existed since about the 2nd century BC[citation needed], but references to the vāsara occur somewhat later, during the Gupta period (Yājñavalkya Smṛti, c. 3rd to 5th century AD), that is, at roughly the same period or before the system was introduced in the Roman Empire.[citation needed]
In languages of the Indian subcontinent
[edit]Sunday
the Sun
(Sūrya, Ravi, Bhānu)Monday
the Moon
(Chandra, Indu, Soma)Tuesday
Mars
(Mangala)Wednesday
Mercury
(Budha)Thursday
Jupiter
(Bṛhaspati, Guru)Friday
Venus
(Shukra)Saturday
Saturn
(Shani)Angika 𑂉𑂞𑂥𑂰𑂩/𑂩𑂸𑂥
Etbaar/Rôb𑂮𑂷𑂧𑂰𑂩
Somaar𑂧𑂁𑂏𑂪
Mangal𑂥𑂳𑂡
Budh𑂥𑂹𑂩𑂵𑂮𑂹𑂣𑂞
Brespat𑂮𑂳𑂍𑂹𑂍𑂳𑂩
Sukkur𑂮𑂢𑂱𑂒𑂹𑂒𑂩
SanichcharAssamese দেওবাৰ/ৰবিবাৰ
Deubar/Robibarসোমবাৰ
Xombarমঙ্গলবাৰ
Monggolbarবুধবাৰ
Budhbarবৃহস্পতিবাৰ
Brihôshpotibarশুক্রবাৰ
Xukrobarশনিবাৰ
XonibarBalti Adeed
عدیدTsandar
چَندارAngaru
انگاروBotu
بوتوBrespod
بریس پودShugoru
شوگوروShingsher
شنگشرBengali রবিবার/সূর্যবার
Robibar/Śurjobarসোমবার/চন্দ্রবার
Śōmbar/Chandrabārমঙ্গলবার
Moṅgolbarবুধবার
Budhbarবৃহস্পতিবার/গুরুবার
Brihośpotibar/Gurubārশুক্রবার/জুম্মাবার
Śukrobar/Jummabar[♀4]শনিবার
ŚonibarBhojpuri एतवार
Aitwārसोमार
Somārमंगर
Mangarबुध
Budhबियफे
Bi'pheyसुक्क
Sukkसनिच्चर
SanichcharBurushaski Adit
اَدِتTsandurah
ژَندُرَہAngāro
اَنگاروBodo
بودوBirēspat
بِریسپَتShukro
شُکروShimshēr
شِمشیرChitrali
(Khowar)Yakshambey
یک شمبےDoshambey
دو شمبے[☽4]Seshambey
سہ شمبےCharshambey
چار شمبےPachambey
پچھمبےAdina
آدینہ [♀3]Shambey
شمبےGujarati રવિવાર
Ravivārસોમવાર
Somvārમંગળવાર
Mangaḷvārબુધવાર
Budhvārગુરૂવાર
Guruvārશુક્રવાર
Shukravārશનિવાર
ShanivārHindi रविवार/सूर्यवार
Ravivār/Sūryavārसोमवार/चन्द्रवार
Somvār/Chandravārमंगलवार
Mangalvārबुधवार
Budhavārगुरुवार
Guruvārशुक्रवार
Shukravārशनिवार
ShanivārHindko Atwaar
اتوارSuwar
سؤ وارMungal
منگلBud
بدھJumiraat
جمعراتJummah
جمعہKhali
خاليHmar Pathienni Thawṭanni Thawleni Nilaini Ningani Zirtawpni Inrinni Kannada ಭಾನುವಾರ
Bhanu Vaaraಸೋಮವಾರ
Soma Vaaraಮಂಗಳವಾರ
Mangala Vaaraಬುಧವಾರ
Budha Vaaraಗುರುವಾರ
Guru Vaaraಶುಕ್ರವಾರ
Shukra Vaaraಶನಿವಾರ
Shani VaaraKashmiri آتھوار
/aːtʰwaːr/ژٔنٛدرٕوار
/t͡səndrɨwaːr/بوموار/ بۄنٛوار
/boːmwaːr/ or /bɔ̃waːr/بۄدوار
/bɔdwaːr/برَٛسوار/ برٛؠسوار
/braswaːr/ or /brʲaswaːr/شۆکُروار/ جُمعہ
/ʃokurwaːr/ or /jumaːh/بَٹہٕ وار
/baʈɨwaːr/Konkani आयतार
Āytārसोमार
Somaarमंगळार
Mangaḷārबुधवार
Budhavārभीरेस्तार
Bhirestārशुक्रार
Shukrārशेनवार
ShenvārMaithili 𑒩𑒫𑒱𑒠𑒱𑒢
Ravidin𑒮𑒼𑒧𑒠𑒱𑒢
Somdin𑒧𑓀𑒑𑒪𑒠𑒱𑒢
Maṅgaldin𑒥𑒳𑒡𑒠𑒱𑒢
Budhdin𑒥𑒵𑒯𑒮𑓂𑒣𑒞𑒲𑒠𑒱𑒢
Brihaspatidin𑒬𑒳𑒏𑓂𑒩𑒠𑒱𑒢
Śukradin𑒬𑒢𑒲𑒠𑒱𑒢
ŚanidinMalayalam ഞായര്
Nhāyarതിങ്കള്
Tingalചൊവ്വ
Chovvaബുധന്
Budhanവ്യാഴം
Vyāzhamവെള്ളി
Velliശനി
ShaniMaldivian އާދީއްތަ
Aadheeththaހޯމަ
Hoamaއަންގާރަ
Angaaraބުދަ
Budhaބުރާސްފަތި
Buraasfathiހުކުރު
Hukuruހޮނިހިރު
HonihiruMarathi रविवार
Ravivārसोमवार
Somavārमंगळवार
Mangaḷavārबुधवार
Budhavārगुरूवार
Guruvārशुक्रवार
Shukravārशनिवार
ShanivārMeitei (Manipuri) ꯅꯣꯡꯃꯥꯏꯖꯤꯡ
Nongmaijingꯅꯤꯡꯊꯧꯀꯥꯕ
Ningthoukabaꯂꯩꯄꯥꯛꯄꯣꯛꯄ
Leipakpokpaꯌꯨꯝꯁꯀꯩꯁ
Yumsakeisaꯁꯒꯣꯜꯁꯦꯟ
Sagolsenꯏꯔꯥꯢ
Eeraiꯊꯥꯡꯖ
ThangjaNepali आइतवार
Aaitabarसोमवार
Sombarमंगलवार
Mangalbarबुधवार
Budhabarबिहिवार
Bihibarशुक्रवार
Sukrabarशनिवार
SanibarOdia ରବିବାର
Rabibāraସୋମବାର
Somabāraମଙ୍ଗଳବାର
Maṅgaḷabāraବୁଧବାର
Budhabāraଗୁରୁବାର
Gurubāraଶୁକ୍ରବାର
Sukrabāraଶନିବାର
SanibāraPashto Etwar
يونۍGul
دوه نۍNehi
درېنۍShoro
څلرنۍZiarat
پنځه نۍJumma
جمعهKhali
پيلنۍPunjabi
(Gurmukhi)ਐਤਵਾਰ
Aitvārਸੋਮਵਾਰ
Sōmvārਮੰਗਲਵਾਰ
Mangalvārਬੁੱਧਵਾਰ
Buddhvārਵੀਰਵਾਰ
Vīrvārਸ਼ੁੱਕਰਵਾਰ
Shukkarvār or
ਜੁਮਾ
Jumāਸ਼ਨਿੱਚਰਵਾਰ
Shaniccharvāror ਸ਼ਨੀਵਾਰ
Shanīvār or ਸਨਿੱਚਰਵਾਰ
Saniccharvār or ਸਨੀਵਾਰ
SanīvārPunjabi
(Shahmukhi)Aitwār
ایتوارSomvār
سوموارMangalvār
منگلوارBuddhvār
بدھوارVīr vār
ویر وارJumāh جمعہ or Shukkarvār شکروار
Hafta ہفتہ or Chanicchar چھنچھر or
Chaniccharvār چھنچھروار
Rohingya rooibar cómbar mongolbar buidbar bicíbbar cúkkurbar cónibar Santali ᱥᱤᱸᱜᱮ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ
sim̐ge māhām̐ᱚᱛᱮ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ
ate māhām̐ᱵᱟᱞᱮ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ
bāle māhām̐ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱩᱱ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ
sôgun māhām̐ᱥᱟᱹᱨᱫᱤ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ
sôrdi māhām̐ᱡᱟᱹᱨᱩᱢ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ
jôrum māhām̐ᱧᱩᱦᱩᱢ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ
ñuhum māhām̐Sanskrit भानुवासर
Bhānuvāsaraइन्दुवासर
Induvāsaraभौमवासर
Bhaumavāsaraसौम्यवासर
Saumyavāsaraगुरुवासर
Guruvāsaraभृगुवासर
Bhṛguvāsaraस्थिरवासर
SthiravāsaraShina Adit
ادیتTsunduro
تساند ورؤUngaro
نگاروBudo
بوڈوBrespat
بیرے سپاٹShukur
شوکرShimsher
شیم شےرSindhi Ācharu
آچَرُ or Ārtvāru آرتوارُSūmaru
سُومَرُAngāro
اَنڱارو or Mangalu مَنگلُArbā
اَربع or Budharu ٻُڌَرُKhamīsa
خَميِسَ or Vispati وِسپَتِJum'o
جُمعو or Shukru شُڪرُChancharu
ڇَنڇَرُ or Śanscharu شَنسچَرُSinhala ඉරිදා
Iridaසඳුදා
Sandudaඅඟහරුවාදා
Angaharuwadaබදාදා
Badadaබ්රහස්පතින්දා
Brahaspathindaසිකුරාදා
Sikuradaසෙනසුරාදා
SenasuradaSylheti ꠞꠂꠛ꠆ꠛꠣꠞ
Roibbarꠡꠝ꠆ꠛꠣꠞ
Shombarꠝꠋꠉꠟ꠆ꠛꠣꠞ
Mongolbarꠛꠥꠗ꠆ꠛꠣꠞ
Budhbarꠛꠤꠡꠥꠗ꠆ꠛꠣꠞ
Bishudhbarꠡꠥꠇ꠆ꠇꠥꠞ꠆ꠛꠣꠞ/
ꠎꠥꠝ꠆ꠝꠣꠛꠣꠞ
Shukkurbar/Jummabar[♀4]ꠡꠘꠤꠛꠣꠞ
ShonibarTamil ஞாயிறு
Ñāyiṟuதிங்கள்
Tiṅkaḷசெவ்வாய்
Cevvāyபுதன்
Putaṉவியாழன்
Viyāḻaṉவெள்ளி
Veḷḷiசனி
CaṉiTelugu ఆదివారం
Aadi Vāramసోమవారం
Soma Vāramమంగళవారం
Mangala Vāramబుధవారం
Budha Vāramగురువారం
Guru Vāramశుక్రవారం
Sukra Vāramశనివారం
Sani VāramUrdu Itwār
اتوارPīr
پیر[☽4]Mangal
منگلBudh
بدھJumerāt
جمعراتJum'ah
جمعہ[♀4]Haftah
ہفتہ [♄6]Southeast Asian languages
[edit]The Southeast Asian tradition also uses the Hindu names of the days of the week. Hindu astrology adopted the concept of days under the regency of a planet under the term vāra, the days of the week being called āditya-, soma-, maṅgala-, budha-, guru-, śukra-, and śani-vāra. śukrá is a name of Venus (regarded as a son of Bhṛgu); guru is here a title of Bṛhaspati, and hence of Jupiter; budha "Mercury" is regarded as a son of Soma, that is, the Moon.[23]
Sunday
the Sun
(Aditya, Ravi)Monday
the Moon
(Soma, Chandra, Indu)Tuesday
Mars
(Mangala, Angaraka)Wednesday
Mercury
(Budha)Thursday
Jupiter
(Bṛhaspati, Guru)Friday
Venus
(Shukra)Saturday
Saturn
(Shani)Burmese တနင်္ဂနွေ[☉9]
IPA: [tənɪ̀ɰ̃ ɡənwè]
(ta.nangga.new)တနင်္လာ[☽5]
IPA: [tənɪ̀ɰ̃ là]
(ta.nangla)အင်္ဂါ
IPA: [ɪ̀ɰ̃ ɡà]
(Angga)ဗုဒ္ဓဟူး
IPA: [boʊʔ dəhú]
(Buddhahu)
(afternoon=new day)
ရာဟု
Rahuကြာသာပတေး
IPA: [tɕà ðà bədé]
(Krasapate)သောကြာ
IPA: [θaʊʔ tɕà]
(Saukra)စနေ
IPA: [sənè]
(Cane)Mon တ္ၚဲ အဒိုတ်
[ŋoa ətɜ̀t]
from Sans. ādityaတ္ၚဲ စန်
[ŋoa cɔn]
from Sans. candraတ္ၚဲ အၚါ
[ŋoa əŋɛ̀a]
from Sans. aṅgāraတ္ၚဲ ဗုဒ္ဓဝါ
[ŋoa pùt-həwɛ̀a]
from Sans. budhavāraတ္ၚဲ ဗြဴဗ္တိ
[ŋoa pɹɛ̀apətɔeʔ]
from Sans. bṛhaspatiတ္ၚဲ သိုက်.
[ŋoa sak]
from Sans. śukraတ္ၚဲ သ္ၚိ သဝ်
[ŋoa hɔeʔ sɔ]
from Sans. śaniKhmer ថ្ងៃអាទិត្យ
[tŋaj ʔaːtɨt]ថ្ងៃចន្ទ
[tŋaj can]ថ្ងៃអង្គារ
[tŋaj ʔɑŋkiə]ថ្ងៃពុធ
[tŋaj put]ថ្ងៃព្រហស្បត្ណិ
[tŋaj prɔhoə̯h]ថ្ងៃសុក្រ
[tŋaj sok]ថ្ងៃសៅរ៍
[tŋaj saʋ]Lao ວັນອາທິດ
[wán ʔàːtʰīt]ວັນຈັນ
[wán càn]ວັນອັງຄານ
[wán ʔàŋkʰáːn]ວັນພຸດ
[wán pʰūt]ວັນພະຫັດ
[wán pʰāhát]ວັນສຸກ
[wán súk]ວັນເສົາ
[wán sǎu]Cham Adit Thôm Angar But jip Suk Thanưchăn Shan ဝၼ်းဢႃတိတ်ႉ
IPA: [wan˦ ʔaː˩ tit˥]ဝၼ်းၸၼ်
IPA: [wan˦ tsan˩]ဝၼ်းဢင်းၵၼ်း
IPA: [wan˦ ʔaŋ˦ kan˦]ဝၼ်းၽုတ်ႉ
IPA: [wan˦ pʰut˥]ဝၼ်းၽတ်း
IPA: [wan˦ pʰat˦]ဝၼ်းသုၵ်း
IPA: [wan˦ sʰuk˦]ဝၼ်းသဝ်
IPA: [wan˦ sʰaw˩]Thai วันอาทิตย์
Wan Āthitวันจันทร์
Wan Chanวันอังคาร
Wan Angkhānวันพุธ
Wan Phutวันพฤหัสบดี
Wan Phruehatsabodiวันศุกร์
Wan Sukวันเสาร์
Wan SaoJavanese ꦫꦢꦶꦠꦾ
Radityaꦱꦺꦴꦩ
Somaꦲꦁꦒꦫ
Anggaraꦧꦸꦢ
Budaꦉꦱ꧀ꦥꦠꦶ
Respatiꦱꦸꦏꦿ
Sukraꦠꦸꦩ꧀ꦥꦼꦏ꧀
TumpekBalinese ᬋᬤᬶᬢᬾ
Reditéᬲᭀᬫ
Somaᬳᬂᬕᬭ
Anggaraᬩᬸᬤ
Budaᬯ᭄ᬭᭂᬲ᭄ᬧᬢᬶ
Wrespatiᬲᬸᬓ᭄ᬭ
Sukraᬲᬦᬶᬲ᭄ᬘᬭ
SaniscaraSundanese ᮛᮓᮤᮒᮦ Radité
ᮞᮧᮙ
Somaᮃᮀᮌᮛ
Anggaraᮘᮥᮓ
Budaᮛᮨᮞ᮪ᮕᮒᮤ
Respatiᮞᮥᮊᮢ
Sukraᮒᮥᮙ᮪ᮕᮨᮊ᮪
TumpekToba Batak Artia Suma Anggara Muda Boraspati Singkora Samisara Angkola-Mandailing Batak Arita Suma Anggara Muda Boraspati Sikkora Samisara Simalungun Batak Aditia Suma Anggara Mudaha Boraspati Sihora Samisara Karo Batak Aditia Suma Nggara Budaha Beraspati Cukra Belah Naik Pakpak Batak Antia Suma Anggara Budaha/Muda Beraspati Cukerra Belah Naik Northeast Asian languages
[edit]Sunday
the Sun
(Aditya, Ravi)Monday
the Moon
(Soma, Chandra, Indu)Tuesday
Mars
(Mangala, Angāraka)Wednesday
Mercury
(Budha)Thursday
Jupiter
(Bṛhaspati, Guru)Friday
Venus
(Shukra)Saturday
Saturn
(Shani)Mongolian адъяа
ad'yaaсумъяа
sum'yaaангараг
angaragбуд
budбархабадь
barhabad'сугар
sugarсанчир
sanchirKalmyk адъян өдр
ad'yan ödrсумъян өдр
sum'yan ödrмингъян өдр
ming'yan ödrбудан өдр
budan ödrгуръян өдр
gur'yan ödrшикрян өдр
shikr'yan ödrшанун өдр
shanun ödrEast Asian tradition
[edit]The East Asian naming system for the days of the week closely parallels that of the Latin system and is ordered after the "Seven Luminaries" (七曜 qī yào), which consists of the Sun, Moon and the five planets visible to the naked eye.
The Chinese had apparently adopted the seven-day week from the Hellenistic system by the 4th century AD, although by which route is not entirely clear. It was again transmitted to China in the 8th century AD by Manichaeans, via the country of Kang (a Central Asian polity near Samarkand).[24] The 4th-century AD date, according to the Cihai encyclopedia,[year needed] is due to a reference to Fan Ning (范寧), an astrologer of the Jin dynasty. The renewed adoption from Manichaeans in the 8th century AD (Tang dynasty) is documented with the writings of the Chinese Buddhist monk Yijing and the Ceylonese Buddhist monk Bu Kong.
The Chinese transliteration of the planetary system was soon brought to Japan by the Japanese monk Kobo Daishi; surviving diaries of the Japanese statesman Fujiwara no Michinaga show the seven-day system in use in Heian Period Japan as early as 1007. In Japan, the seven-day system was kept in use (for astrological purposes) until its promotion to a full-fledged (Western-style) calendrical basis during the Meiji era. In China, with the founding of the Republic of China in 1911, Monday through Saturday in China are now named after the luminaries implicitly with the numbers.
- Pronunciations for Classical Chinese names are given in Standard Chinese.
Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday Celestial Object Sun (日)
First Star – Sun (太陽星)Moon (月)
Second Star – Moon (太陰星)Mars (火星)
Third Star – Fire (熒惑星)Mercury (水星)
Fourth Star – Water (辰星)Jupiter (木星)
Fifth Star – Wood (歲星)Venus (金星)
Sixth Star – Metal or Gold (太白星)Saturn (土星)
Seventh Star – Earth or Soil (鎮星)Chinese 日曜日
Rìyàorì月曜日
Yuèyàorì火曜日
Huǒyàorì水曜日
Shuǐyàorì木曜日
Mùyàorì金曜日
Jīnyàorì土曜日
TǔyàorìJapanese 日曜日
Nichiyōbi月曜日
Getsuyōbi火曜日
Kayōbi水曜日
Suiyōbi木曜日
Mokuyōbi金曜日
Kin'yōbi土曜日
DoyōbiKorean 일요일
日曜日
Iryoil월요일
月曜日
Woryoil화요일
火曜日
Hwayoil수요일
水曜日
Suyoil목요일
木曜日
Mogyoil금요일
金曜日
Geumyoil토요일
土曜日
ToyoilMongolian наран өдөр naraŋ ödör саран өдөр saraŋ ödör гал өдөр gal ödör усан өдөр usaŋ ödör модон өдөр modoŋ ödör төмөр өдөр, алтан өдөр tömör ödör, altaŋ ödör шороон өдөр shorooŋ ödör Mongolian
(Transliteration from Tibetan)ням
nyamдаваа
davaaмягмар
myagmarлхагва
lhagvaпүрэв
pürevбаасан
baasanбямба
byambaTibetan གཟའ་ཉི་མ།
(gza' nyi ma)
Nyimaགཟའ་ཟླ་བ།
(gza' zla wa)
Dawaགཟའ་མིག་དམར།
(gza' mig dmar)
Mikmarགཟའ་ལྷག་པ།
(gza' lhak pa)
Lhakpaགཟའ་ཕུར་བུ།
(gza' phur bu)
Purbuགཟའ་པ་སངས།
(gza' pa sangs)
Pasangགཟའ་སྤེན་པ།
(gza' spen ba)
PenbaNumbered days of the week
[edit]Days numbered from Monday
[edit]ISO prescribes Monday as the first day of the week with ISO-8601 for software date formats.
The Slavic, Baltic and Uralic languages (except Finnish and partially Estonian and Võro) adopted numbering but took Monday rather than Sunday as the "first day".[25] This convention is also found in some Austronesian languages whose speakers were converted to Christianity by European missionaries.[26]
In Slavic languages, some of the names correspond to numerals after Sunday: compare Russian vtornik (вторник) "Tuesday" and vtoroj (второй) "the second", chetverg (четверг) "Thursday" and chetvjortyj (четвёртый) "the fourth", pyatnitsa (пятница) "Friday" and pyatyj (пятый) "the fifth"; see also the Notes.
Day
Number From OneMonday
Day OneTuesday
Day TwoWednesday
Day ThreeThursday
Day FourFriday
Day FiveSaturday
Day SixSunday
Day SevenISO 8601 # 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Russian понедельник
ponedel'nik [☽1]вторник
vtornik [♂5]среда
sreda [☿1]четверг
chetverg [♃4]пятница
pyatnitsa [♀5]суббота
subbota [♄1]воскресенье
voskresen'ye [☉3]Belarusian панядзелак
panyadzelak [☽1]аўторак
awtorak [♂5]серада
serada [☿1]чацвер
chats'ver [♃4]пятніца
pyatnitsa [♀5]субота
subota [♄1]нядзеля
nyadzelya [☉6]Ukrainian понедiлок
ponedilok [☽1]вiвторок
vivtorok [♂5]середа
sereda [☿1]четвер
chetver [♃4]п'ятниця
p'yatnytsya [♀5]субота
subota [♄1]недiля
nedilya [☉6]Lemko Rusyn понедільок
ponedilyokвіторок
vitorok [♂5]середа
seredaчетвер
chetverпятниця
pyatnîtsyaсубота
subotaнеділя
nedilyaPrešov Rusyn понедїлёк
ponedyilyokвівторок
vivtorok [♂5]середа
seredaчетверь
chetver'пятніця
pyatnitsyaсубота
subotaнедїля
nedyilyaPannonian Rusyn пондзелок
pondzelokвовторок
vovtorok [♂5]стрeдa
stredaштвaртoк
shtvartokпияток
piyatokсoбoтa
sobotaнєдзеля
nyedzelyaSlovak pondelok [☽1] utorok [♂5] streda [☿1] štvrtok [♃4] piatok [♀5] sobota [♄1] nedeľa [☉6] Czech pondělí [☽1] úterý [♂5] středa [☿1] čtvrtek [♃4] pátek [♀5] sobota [♄1] neděle [☉6] Upper Sorbian póndźela [☽1] wutora [♂5] srjeda [☿1] štwórtk [♃4] pjatk [♀5] sobota [♄1] njedźela [☉6] Lower Sorbian pónjeźela, pónjeźele wałtora [♂5] srjoda stwórtk pětk sobota njeźela, njeźelka Polish poniedziałek [☽1] wtorek [♂5] środa [☿1] czwartek [♃4] piątek [♀5] sobota [♄1] niedziela [☉6] Kashubian pòniedzôłk wtórk strzoda czwiôrtk piątk sobòta niedzela Slovene ponedeljek [☽1] torek [♂5] sreda [☿1] četrtek [♃4] petek [♀5] sobota [♄1] nedelja [☉6] Burgenland Croatian pandiljak, ponediljak utorak [♂5] srijeda četvrtak petak subota nedilja Serbo-Croatian (Ijekavian/Ekavian/Ikavian) ponedjeljak,
понедјељак [☽1]utorak,
уторак [♂5]srijeda,
сриједа [☿1]četvrtak,
четвртак [♃4]petak,
петак [♀5]subota,
субота [♄1]nedjelja,
недјеља [☉6]понедељак,
ponedeljak [☽1]среда,
sreda [☿1]недеља,
nedelja [☉6]ponediljak,
понедилјак [☽1]srida,
срида [☿1]nedilja,
недилја [☉6]Macedonian понеделник
ponedelnik [☽1]вторник
vtornik [♂5]среда
sreda [☿1]четврток
chetvrtok [♃4]петок
petok [♀5]сабота
sabota [♄1]недела
nedela [☉6]Bulgarian понеделник
ponedelnik [☽1]вторник
vtornik [♂5]сряда
sryada [☿1]четвъртък
chetvărtăk [♃4]петък
petăk [♀5]събота
săbota [♄1]неделя
nedelya [☉6]Interslavic ponedělok,
понедєлок [☽1]vtorok,
второк [♂5]srěda,
срєда [☿1]četvrtok,
четврток [♃4]petok,
петок [♀5]subota,
субота [♄1]nedělja,
недєлја [☉6]Lithuanian pirmadienis antradienis trečiadienis ketvirtadienis penktadienis [♀5] šeštadienis sekmadienis Latvian pirmdiena otrdiena trešdiena ceturtdiena [♃4] piektdiena [♀5] sestdiena svētdiena Hungarian hétfő [☽3] kedd [♂2] szerda [☿1] Slavic csütörtök [♃4] Slavic péntek [♀5] Slavic szombat [♄1] Hebrew vasárnap [☉5] Estonian esmaspäev [☽6] teisipäev [♂2] kolmapäev [☿3] neljapäev [♃4] reede [♀6] laupäev[♄2] pühapäev[☉2] Võro iispäiv [☽6] tõõsõpäiv [♂2] kolmapäiv [☿3] nelläpäiv [♃4] riidi [♀6] puuľpäiv[♄8] pühäpäiv[☉2] Mongolian
(numerical)нэг дэх өдөр
neg dekh ödörхоёр дахь өдөр
hoyor dahi ödörгурав дахь өдөр
gurav dahi ödörдөрөв дэх өдөр
döröv dekh ödörтав дахь өдөр
tav dahi ödörхагас сайн өдөр
hagas sayn ödör [♄7]бүтэн сайн өдөр
büten sayn ödör [☉7]Luo Wuok tich Tich ariyo Tich adek Tich ang'uen Tich abich Chieng' ngeso Juma pil Tok Pisin (Melanesian Pidgin) mande tunde trinde fonde fraide sarere sande Apma (Vanuatu) ren bwaleh / mande[27] ren karu ren katsil ren kavet ren kalim lesaare sande Sona (constructed language) enyodi doyodi tinyodi cayodi penyodi xiodi zunyodi In Standard Chinese, the week is referred to as the "Stellar Period" (Chinese: 星期; pinyin: Xīngqī) or "Cycle" (simplified Chinese: 周; traditional Chinese: 週; pinyin: Zhōu).
The modern Chinese names for the days of the week are based on a simple numerical sequence. The word for "week" is followed by a number indicating the day: "Monday" is literally the "Stellar Period One"/"Cycle One", that is, the "First day of the Stellar Period/Cycle", etc. The exception is Sunday, where 日 (rì), "day" or "Sun", is used instead of a number.[28] A slightly informal and colloquial variant to 日 is 天 (tiān) "day", "sky" or "heaven". However, the term 週天 is rarely used compared to 星期天.
Accordingly, the notational abbreviation of the days of the week uses the numbers, for example, 一 for "M" or "Mon(.)", "Monday". The abbreviation of Sunday uses exclusively 日 and not 天. Attempted usage of 天 as such will not be understood.
Colloquially, the week is also known as the "Worship" (simplified Chinese: 礼拜; traditional Chinese: 禮拜; pinyin: Lǐbài), with the names of the days of the week formed accordingly. This is also dominant in certain regional varieties of Chinese.
The following is a table of the Mandarin names of the days of the weeks. Note that standard Taiwan Mandarin pronounces 期 as qí, so 星期 is instead xīngqí. While all varieties of Mandarin may pronounce 星期 as xīngqi and 禮拜/礼拜 as lǐbai, the second syllable with the neutral tone, this is not reflected in the table either for legibility.
Day Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday Sunday Standard Modern Chinese 星期一
Xīngqīyī星期二
Xīngqī'èr星期三
Xīngqīsān星期四
Xīngqīsì星期五
Xīngqīwǔ星期六
Xīngqīliù星期日/星期天
Xīngqīrì (or Xīngqītiān)週一
Zhōuyī週二
Zhōu'èr週三
Zhōusān週四
Zhōusì週五
Zhōuwǔ週六
Zhōuliù週日/週天
Zhōurì (or Zhōutiān, rarely used)Standard Modern Chinese
(regional, informal, colloquial)禮拜一
Lǐbàiyī禮拜二
Lǐbài'èr禮拜三
Lǐbàisān禮拜四
Lǐbàisì禮拜五
Lǐbàiwǔ禮拜六
Lǐbàiliù禮拜天/禮拜日
Lǐbàitiān (or Lǐbàirì)Several Sinitic languages refer to Saturday as 週末 "end of the week" and Sunday as 禮拜. Examples include Shenyang Mandarin, Hanyuan Sichuanese Mandarin, Taishanese, Yudu Hakka, Teochew, Ningbonese, and Loudi Old Xiang. Some Hakka varieties in Taiwan still use the traditional Luminaries.
Days numbered from Sunday
[edit]Sunday comes first in order in calendars shown in the table below. In the Abrahamic tradition, the first day of the week is Sunday. Biblical Sabbath (corresponding to Saturday) is when God rested from six-day Creation, making the day following the Sabbath the first day of the week (corresponding to Sunday). Seventh-day Sabbaths were sanctified for celebration and rest. After the week was adopted in early Christianity, Sunday remained the first day of the week, but also gradually displaced Saturday as the day of celebration and rest, being considered the Lord's Day.
Saint Martin of Dumio (c. 520–580), archbishop of Braga, decided not to call days by pagan gods and to use ecclesiastic terminology to designate them. While the custom of numbering the days of the week was mostly prevalent in the Eastern Church, Portuguese and Mirandese, due to Martin's influence, are the only Romance languages in which the names of the days come from numbers rather than planetary names.
Members of the Religious Society of Friends (Quakers) historically objected to the pagan etymologies of days and months and substituted numbering, beginning with First Day for Sunday.
Icelandic is a special case within the Germanic languages, maintaining only the Sun and Moon (sunnudagur and mánudagur respectively), while dispensing with the names of the explicitly heathen gods in favour of a combination of numbered days and days whose names are linked to pious or domestic routine (föstudagur, "Fasting Day" and laugardagur, "Washing Day"). The "washing day" is also used in other North Germanic languages, but otherwise the names correspond to those of English.
Day Number from One Sunday (Day One) Monday (Day Two) Tuesday (Day Three) Wednesday (Day Four) Thursday (Day Five) Friday (Day Six) Saturday (Day Seven) Icelandic sunnudagur mánudagur þriðjudagur miðvikudagur [☿1] fimmtudagur föstudagur [♀1] laugardagur [♄2] Hebrew יום ראשון yom rishon יום שני yom sheyni יום שלישי yom shlishi יום רביעי yom revi'i יום חמישי yom chamishi יום שישי yom shishi שבת Shabbat[♄1] Ecclesiastical Latin Dominica [☉1] feria secunda feria tertia feria quarta feria quinta feria sexta sabbatum [♄1] Portuguese domingo [☉1] segunda-feira terça-feira quarta-feira quinta-feira sexta-feira sábado [♄1] Galician domingo [☉1] segunda feira terza feira terceira feira corta feira quarta feira quinta feira sexta feira sábado [♄1] Mirandese demingo [☉1] segunda-feira terça-feira quarta-feira quinta-feira sesta-feira sábado [♄1] Tetum loron-domingu loron-segunda loron-tersa loron-kuarta loron-kinta loron-sesta loron-sábadu Greek Κυριακή Kyriakí [☉1] Δευτέρα Deftéra Τρίτη Tríti Τετάρτη Tetárti Πέμπτη Pémpti Παρασκευή Paraskeví [♀2] Σάββατο Sávato [♄1] Georgian კვირა k'vira [☉1] ორშაბათი oršabati სამშაბათი samšabati ოთხშაბათი otxšabati ხუთშაბათი xutšabati პარასკევი p'arask'evi [♀2] შაბათი šabati [♄1] Western Armenian Կիրակի
Giragi [☉1]Երկուշաբթի
YergushaptiԵրեքշաբթի
YerekshaptiՉորեքշաբթի
ChorekshaptiՀինգշաբթի
HinkshaptiՈւրբաթ
Urpat [♀2]Շաբաթ
Shapat [♄1]Eastern Armenian կիրակի
kiraki [☉1]երկուշաբթի
yerkushapʰtʰiերեքշաբթի
yerekʰshapʰtʰiչորեքշաբթի
chʰorekʰshapʰtʰiհինգշաբթի
hingshapʰtʰiուրբաթ
urpʰatʰ [♀2]շաբաթ
shapʰatʰ [♄1]Vietnamese chủ nhật/chúa nhật [☉1] thứ hai thứ ba thứ tư thứ năm thứ sáu thứ bảy Somali 𐒖𐒄𐒖𐒆 Axad 𐒘𐒈𐒒𐒕𐒒 Isniin 𐒂𐒖𐒐𐒛𐒆𐒙 Talaado 𐒖𐒇𐒁𐒖𐒋𐒙 Arbaco 𐒅𐒖𐒑𐒕𐒈 Khamiis 𐒃𐒘𐒑𐒋𐒙 Jimco 𐒈𐒖𐒁𐒂𐒘 Sabti Amharic እሑድ əhud ሰኞ säñño ማክሰኞ maksäñño ረቡዕ räbu, ሮብ rob ሐሙስ hamus ዓርብ arb ቅዳሜ ḳədame Arabic الأَحَد al-ʔaḥad الإثنين al-iṯnayn الثُّلَاثاء aṯ-ṯulāṯāʔ الأَرْبعاء al-ʔarbiʕāʔ الخَمِيسُ al-ḵamīs الجُمُعَة al-jumuʕah [♀4] (also الجُمْعَة al-jumʕah ) السَّبْت as-sabt [♄5] Maltese il-Ħadd it-Tnejn it-Tlieta l-Erbgħa il-Ħamis il-Ġimgħa [♀4] is-Sibt [♄5] Malay
(incl. Indonesian and Malaysian)Ahad or Minggu[☉1] Isnin or Senin Selasa Rabu K(h)amis Juma(a)t [♀4] Sabtu [♄5] Javanese Ngahad, Ngakad, Minggu[☉1] Senèn Selasa Rebo Kemis Jemuwah [♀4] Setu [♄5] Sundanese Minggu / Minggon [☉1] Senén Salasa Rebo Kemis Jumaah [♀4] Saptu [♄5] Persian یکشنبه yekšanbe دوشنبه došanbe سهشنبه sešanbe چهارشنبه čāhāršanbe پنجشنبه panjšanbe آدینه or جمعه ādine [♀3] or djom'e [♀4] شنبه šanbe Kazakh Жексенбі Jeksenbı Дүйсенбі Düisenbı Сейсенбі Seisenbı Сәрсенбі Särsenbı Бейсенбі Beisenbı Жұма Jūma Сенбі Senbı Karakalpak Ekshembi yekşembı Dúyshembi düişembı Siyshembi sişembı Sárshembi särşembı Piyshembi pişembı Jumа jūma Shembі şembı Tatar Якшәмбе yakşämbe Дүшәмбе düşämbe Сишәмбе sişämbe Чәршәмбе çärşämbe Пәнҗешәмбе pänceşämbe Җомга comga Шимбә şimbä Khowar یک شمبے yak shambey دو شمبے[☽4] du shambey سہ شمبے sey shambey چار شمبے char shambey پچھمبے pachhambey آدینہ[♀3] adina شمبے Kurdish Yekşem Duşem Sêşem Çarşem Pêncşem În Şemî Uyghur يەكشەنبە, yekshenbe دۈشەنبە, düshenbe سەيشەنبە, seyshenbe چارشەنبە, charshenbe پەيشەنبە, peyshenbey جۈمە, jüme شەنبە, shenbe Old Turkic birinç kün ikinç kün üçünç kün törtinç kün beşinç kün altınç kün yetinç kün Turkish Pazar [☉4] Pazartesi [☽2] Salı [a] Çarşamba [b] Perşembe [c] Cuma [♀4] Cumartesi [♄4] Azerbaijani Bazar Bazar ertəsi Çərşənbə axşamı Çərşənbə Cümə axşamı Cümə Şənbə Uzbek Yakshanba Dushanba Seshanba Chorshanba Payshanba Juma Shanba Navajo Damóo/Damíigo [☉1] Damóo Biiskání Damóo dóó Naakiską́o Damóo dóó Tááʼ Yiską́o Damóo dóó Dį́į́ʼ Yiską́o Ndaʼiiníísh Yiską́o Damóo Days numbered from Saturday
[edit]In Swahili, the day begins at sunrise, unlike in the Arabic and Hebrew calendars where the day starts at sunset (therefore an offset of twelve hours on average), and unlike in the Western world where the day starts at midnight (therefore an offset of six hours on average). Saturday is therefore the first day of the week, as it is the day that includes the first night of the week in Arabic.
Etymologically speaking, Swahili has two "fifth" days. The words for Saturday through Wednesday contain the Bantu-derived Swahili words for "one" through "five". The word for Thursday, Alhamisi, is of Arabic origin and means "the fifth" (day). The word for Friday, Ijumaa, is also Arabic and means (day of) "gathering" for the Friday noon prayers in Islam.
Day
Number from OneSaturday
Day OneSunday
Day TwoMonday
Day ThreeTuesday
Day FourWednesday
Day FiveThursday
Day SixFriday
Day SevenSwahili[29] jumamosi jumapili jumatatu jumanne jumatano alhamisi [♃2] ijumaa [♀4] Mixing of numbering and astronomy
[edit]In the Žejane dialect of Istro-Romanian, lur (Monday) and virer (Friday) follow the Latin convention, while utorek (Tuesday), sredu (Wednesday), and četrtok (Thursday) follow the Slavic convention.[30]
Day Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday Sunday Istro-Romanian, Žejane dialect lur utorek sredu četrtok virer simbota [♄1] dumireca [☉1] There are several systems in the different Basque dialects.[31]
Day Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday Sunday Standard Basque, Guipuscoan Basque astelehena ("week-first") asteartea ("week-between") asteazkena ("week-last") osteguna ("Ortzi/Sky day") ostirala (see Ortzi) larunbata ("fourth", "meeting of friends"), neskenegun ("girls' day") igandea Biscayne Basque astelena ("week-first"), ilen ("Moon day") martitzena ("Mars day") eguaztena ("day last") eguena ("day of days", "day of light") barikua ("day without supper"), egubakotx zapatua (compare with Spanish sábado from Sabbath) domeka (from Latin Dominica [dies]) In Judaeo-Spanish (Ladino), which is mainly based on a medieval version of Spanish, the five days of Monday–Friday closely follow the Spanish names. For Sunday is used the Arabic name, which is based on numbering (meaning "Day one" or "First day"), because a Jewish language was not likely to adapt a name based on "Lord's Day" for Sunday. As in Spanish, the Ladino name for Saturday is based on Sabbath. However, as a Jewish language—and with Saturday being the actual day of rest in the Jewish community—Ladino directly adapted the Hebrew name, Shabbat.[32]
Day Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday Judaeo-Spanish (Ladino) aljhad or alhadh lunes martes miércoles or mierkoles juğeves or djueves viernes shabat[♄1] The days of the week in Meitei language (officially known as Manipuri language) originated from the Sanamahi creation myth of Meitei mythology.[33] [34] [35] [36]
Sunday
the HillMonday
King's ClimbTuesday
Earth's BirthWednesday
Houses BuiltThursday
Horses RodeFriday
Blood FloodSaturday
Swords WashedMeitei Nongmaiching Ningthoukaba
Leibakpokpa
Yumsakeisa
Sagonsen
Eerai
Thangcha
See also
[edit]- Akan names of the seven-day week, known as Nnawɔtwe
- Bahá'í calendar (section Weekdays)
- Calculating the day of the week
- Week
- Work Week
- Feria
- Vāra (astronomy)
Notes
[edit]Sunday
[edit]☉1 Lord's Day – From Latin Dominicus (Dominica) or Greek Κυριακή (Kyriakí)
☉2 Holy Day and First-Day of the Week (Day of the Sun -> Light -> Resurrection -> Born again) (Christianity)
☉3 Resurrection (Christianity)
☉5 Market Day
☉6 No Work
☉7 Full good day
☉8 Borrowed from English week
☉9 From an Old Burmese word, not of Indic origin.
Monday
[edit]☽1 After No Work
☽3 Head of Week
☽4 Master (as in Pir, because Muhammad was born on a Monday)
☽5 From an Old Burmese word, not of Indic origin.
☽6 First day of the week
Tuesday
[edit]♂1 Thing (Assembly), of which god Tyr/Ziu was the patron.
♂2 Second day of the week (cf. Hungarian kettő 'two')
♂3 Third day of the week.
♂4 From Arabic ath-Thalaathaaʼ 'third day'
♂5 From Proto-Slavic vъtorъ 'second'
Wednesday
[edit]☿1 Mid-week or Middle
☿2 The First Fast (Christianity)
☿3 Third day of the week
Thursday
[edit]♃1 The day between two fasts (An Dé idir dhá aoin, contracted to An Déardaoin) (Christianity)
♃2 Five (Arabic)
♃3 Fifth day of the week.
♃4 Fourth day of the week.
Friday
[edit]♀1 The Fast (Celtic) or Fasting Day (Icelandic) (Christianity)
♀2 Good Friday or Preparation (Christianity)
♀4 Gathering/Assembly/Meeting (Islam) – in Malta with no Islamic connotations
♀5 Fifth day of the week
♀6 Borrowed from Germanic languages
Or canàbara, cenàbara, cenàbera, cenàbura, cenarba, chenàbara, chenabra, chenapra, chenàpura, chenarpa, chenàura, cianàbara, chenabura; meaning holy supper as preparation to the sabbathday(Saturday)
Saturday
[edit]♄1 Shabbat (Jewish and Christian Sabbath)
♄2 Wash or Bath day
♄3 Sun-eve (Eve of Sunday)
♄4 After the Gathering (Islam)
♄5 End of the Week (Arabic Sabt 'rest')
♄6 Week
♄7 Half good day
♄8 Half day
Notes
[edit]- ^ Or domigu, domingu, domínica, dominica, domínigu, dumínica, dumíniga.
- ^ Or mércuis, mérculis, mércuris.
- ^ Or gióvia, zóbia, giògia, zògia.
- ^ Or canàbara, cenàbara, cenàbera, cenàbura, cenarba, chenàbara, chenabra, chenapra, chenàpura, chenarpa, chenàura, cianàbara.
- ^ Or sàbadu, sàbudu, sàburu, sàpatu.
References
[edit]- ^ "What is the First Day of the Week?".
- ^ Schaff, Philip (1884). History of the Christian Church Vol. III. Edinburgh: T&T Clark. p. 380. Retrieved 15 March 2019.
- ^ Nerone Caesare Augusto Cosso Lentuol Cossil fil. Cos. VIII idus Febr(u)arius dies solis, luna XIIIIX nun(dinae) Cumis, V (idus Februarias) nun(dinae) Pompeis. Robert Hannah, "Time in Written Spaces", in: Peter Keegan, Gareth Sears, Ray Laurence (eds.), Written Space in the Latin West, 200 BC to 300 AD, A&C Black, 2013, p. 89.
- ^ E. G. Richards, Mapping Time, the Calendar and History, Oxford 1999. p. 269
- ^ Falk, Michael (19 March 1999). "Astronomical names for the days of the week". Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society of Canada. 93 (1999–06): 122–133. Bibcode:1999JRASC..93..122F.
- ^ "Days of the Week Meaning and Origin". Astrologyclub.org. 28 May 2016. Retrieved 25 December 2016.
- ^ Dio Cassius. Ῥωμαϊκὴ Ἱστορία. Book 37, Sections 16-19. English translation.
- ^ "Days of the week in Portuguese".
- ^ replacing a system of n "one-, three-, five-, ten-, or fifteen-day periods" (>Dáibhí Ó Cróinín, 2003, p. 7). MS. 17 (now held at St. John's College, Oxford), dating at least from 1043, records five-week-day lists, which it names as follows: secundum Hebreos (according to the Hebrews); secundum antiquos gentiles (according to the ancient gentiles, i.e., Romans); secundum Siluestrum papam (according to Pope Sylvester I, i.e., a list derived from the apocryphal Acta Syluestri); secundum Anglos (according to the English); secundum Scottos (according to the Irish).
- ^ "we have a clear reflex of the Indo-European nominative singular, with a lengthened grade, giving archaic Old Irish diu; it is suggested that what we have in the Oxford list and in Cormac's Glossary is the oldest form of Old Irish dia, representing the old nominative case of the noun in adverbial usage." Dáibhí Ó Cróinín, 2003, p. 12
- ^ The word scrol is glossed in Sanas Cormaic as Scroll .i. soillsi, unde est aput Scottos diu srol.i. dies solis "Srcoll, that is brightness, whence 'diu srol' among the Irish, that is Sunday".
- ^ Ó Cróinín has Diu luna as "represent[ing] the transitional form between Latin dies lunae and the later, Classical Old Irish dia luain ... a translation of, not a calque on, the Latin ... [It] would seem to reflect a pre-assimilation state in respect of both words," Dáibhí Ó Cróinín, 2003, p. 13
- ^ "The Irish word perhaps derives from Latin forms where cases other than the genitive were used, e.g., Marte."Dáibhí Ó Cróinín, 2003, p. 15
- ^ A form unique to Irish, meaning uncertain. In Old Irish, íath can mean "land." A "very old" word for Wednesday, Mercúir (borrowed from the Latin (dies) Mercurii), does occur in early Leinster poems but Ó Cróinín is of the belief that Diu eathamon "reflects a still older Irish word for 'Wednesday.'"
- ^ A form unique to Irish. Ó Cróinín writes, "I suggest that it means simply 'on Thursday' ... it is temporal dat. of an n-stem (nom. sg. etham, gen. sg. ethamon – as in our Oxford list – and acc./dat. sg. ethamain)." (2003, p. 17) He furthermore suggests that etham ('arable land') "may be a noun of agency from ith (gen. sg. etho), with a meaning like corn-maker or some such thing; Diu eathamon might then be a day for sowing seed in a weekly regimen of activities such as we find in Críth Gablach." Dáibhí Ó Cróinín, 2003, p. 17. The form Ethomuin is found in Rawlinson B 502.
- ^ A form unique to Irish, its meaning unclear.
- ^ https://www.sqa.org.uk/sqa/files_ccc/SQA-Gaelic_Orthographic_Conventions-En-e.pdf, p. 17.
- ^ Koch, Harold (2015). "Patterns in the diffusion of nomenclature systems: Australian subsections in comparison to European days of the week". In Dag T.T. Haug (ed.). Historical Linguistics 2013: Selected papers from the 21st International Conference on Historical Linguistics, Oslo, 5-9 August 2013. Current Issues in Linguistic Theory. Vol. 334. With the assistance of: Eiríkur Kristjánsson. John Benjamins Publishing Company. pp. 113–114. ISBN 978-90-272-6818-1.
- ^ Boyce, Mary (July 1995). "Languages in contact I: Creating new words for Maori". New Zealand Studies. 5 (2). doi:10.26686/jnzs.v5i2.473.
- ^ Grimm, Jacob (2004). Teutonic Mythology. Courier Corporation. pp. 122–123. ISBN 978-0-486-43546-6.
- ^ "friggjarstjarna". Dictionary of Old Norse Prose. University of Copenhagen. Retrieved 8 July 2021.
- ^ Monier-Williams, Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899), s.v. vāsara.
- ^ Monier-Williams, Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899), s.v. vāra.
- ^ The Chinese encyclopaedia Cihai (辭海) under the entry for "seven luminaries calendar" (七曜曆, qī yào lì) has: "method of recording days according to the seven luminaries [七曜 qī yào]. China normally observes the following order: Sun, Mon, Mars, Mercury, Jupiter, Venus, and Saturn. Seven days make one week, which is repeated in a cycle. Originated in ancient Babylon (or ancient Egypt according to one theory). Used by the Romans at the time of the 1st century AD, later transmitted to other countries. This method existed in China in the 4th century AD. It was also transmitted to China by Manichaeans in the 8th century AD from the country of Kang (康) in Central Asia" (translation after Bathrobe's Days of the Week in Chinese, Japanese & Vietnamese, plus Mongolian and Buryat (cjvlang.com)
- ^ Falk, Michael (2004). "Astronomical names for the days of the week". Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society of Canada. 93 (1999–06): 122–133. arXiv:astro-ph/0307398. Bibcode:1999JRASC..93..122F. doi:10.1016/j.newast.2003.07.002. S2CID 118954190.
- ^ Gray, 2012. The Languages of Pentecost Island.
- ^ Ren is "day". Numbered weekdays are used for Tuesday-Friday and sometimes Monday; the names for Saturday and Sunday come from English.
- ^ "Days of the Week in Chinese: Three Different Words for 'Week'". Cjvlang. Retrieved 27 October 2016.
- ^ "Swahili days, months, dates". online.fr. Archived from the original on 9 August 2007.
- ^ [1] Archived 20 November 2008 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Astronomy and Basque Language, Henrike Knörr, Oxford VI and SEAC 99 "Astronomy and Cultural Diversity", La Laguna, June 1999. It references Alessandro Bausani, 1982, The prehistoric Basque week of three days: archaeoastronomical notes, The Bulletin of the Center for Archaeoastronomy (Maryland), v. 2, 16–22.
- ^ See the image in Anthony, Charlotte (22 July 2012). "Rushing to preserve Ladino legacies". Crescent City Jewish News. Retrieved 31 May 2016. The Ladino names are in the right-hand column, written in Hebrew characters.
- ^ Wakoklon Heelel Thilel Salai Amai Eelon Pukok PuYa
- ^ Wachetlon Pathup PuYa
- ^ Kham Oi Yang Oi Sekning PuYa
- ^ Nunglekpam, Premi Devi (25 May 2018). Short Essays on Women and Society: Manipuri Women through the Century. FSP Media Publications.
Further reading
[edit]- Brown, Cecil H. (1989). "Naming the days of the week: A cross-language study of lexical acculturation". Current Anthropology. 30 (4): 536–550. doi:10.1086/203782. JSTOR 2743391. S2CID 144153973.
- Falk, Michael (2004). "Astronomical Names for the Days of the Week". Royal Astronomical Society of Canada. 93: 122–133. Bibcode:1999JRASC..93..122F.
- Neugebauer, Otto (1979). Ethiopic astronomy and computus, Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften, philosophisch-historische klasse, sitzungsberichte, 347 (Vienna)
- Saturday: named after the Roman god Saturn associated with the Titan Cronus, father of Zeus and many Olympians. Its original Anglo-Saxon rendering was Sæturnesdæg (
- Friday: Old English Frīgedæg (
- Thursday: Old English Þūnresdæg (
- Wednesday: Old English Wōdnesdæg (
- Tuesday: Old English Tīwesdæg (
- Monday: Old English Mōnandæg (